What are the types of bones?
compact vs spongy
OR
long, flat, irregular, sesamoid
what are the three types of muscle?
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Name the three layers of the integumentary system from top to bottom
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis/subcutaneous fascia
Which bone in the forearm is attached to the elbow?
ulna
what are ionic bonds?
they occur between metals and nonmetals
What are the two main parts of a bone and where are they located?
epiphysis: end of long bone
diaphysis: shaft of bone
what are the two main myofilaments?
actin and myosin
What is the difference between sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands
sudoriferous: sweat glands
sebaceous: oil
what type of type of joint is the elbow?
hinge (flexion, extension)
How many significant figures in the number 0.0802
3
Name 3 parts of the axial skeleton
bony thorax, spine, hyoid bone, middle ear, skull
which neurotransmitter begins the process of contraction
acetylcholine
What is the rule of nines
determines amount of area damaged by burns
ex. head and neck burns = 9%
each upper limb = 9%
and so forth
name the colored portions of the pelvis
pink: ilium
green: ischium
blue: pubis
how do you name ionic compounds? what is KCl?
K + Cl = metal + nonmetal
potassium + chlor (ide)
potassium chloride
Name 3 types of bone cells and their functions
osteoid: main bone cell, immature bone matrix
osteoprogenitor: non-specialized, turn into other cells types
osteocytes: mechanosense, respond to strain
osteoblast: construct osteoids, BUILD
osteoclasts: reabsorb mineralized bone
bone-lining cells: old osteocytes that no longer play a role in synthesis
name three of the following involved in a bicep curl:
agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator
agonist: bicep
antagonist: tricep
synergist: brachialis/brachioradialis
fixator: deltoid, rotator cuff
what is contained in the dermis?
blood, lymph, sweat glands, hair follicles
Name all of the bones in this image
clavicle (collar bone)
scapula (shoulder blade)
humerus
radius (lateral)
ulna (medial)
carpals (wrist)
metacarpals (hand)
phalanges (fingers)
draw the lewis structure for CO2
O = C = O
4 dots around oxygen
CASE STUDY
18 year old Amelia presents at her primary care office with a mild case of scoliosis, or abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (think S-shape). Scoliosis sometimes presents after growth spurts in which the spine grows longitudinally too fast for the body. Upon getting x-rays, Amelia's doctor says that her epiphyseal plates have hardened and closed. For this reason, they will monitor her scoliosis but not treat it. What is the epiphyseal plate, and why is it important for this scenario?
epiphyseal plate = growth plate
Around the ages of 18-21, these cartilaginous plates harden and stop growth. This is why you most likely haven't grown in a few years. In Amelia's case, her scoliosis is caused by her spine growing. Since her growth plates have closed, it is unlikely that her condition will get worse since her body won't grow anymore.
CASE STUDY
Parker is practicing for her gymnastics competition. Her performance requires a series of quick, graceful movements. As she begins her vault, her muscles must contract. This starts with the release of acetylcholine from the neurons, which then binds to muscle receptors and opens sodium channels. Sodium flows into the muscle fiber, causing the release of calcium. What occurs next?
Calcium allows for the formation of cross-bridges between myosin heads and actin myofilaments. When ATP is used up, the cross-bridges break, pulling the actin myofilaments closer together as they slide along myosin. The sarcomere shortens and the muscle contracts. Acetylcholinesterase degrades acetylcholine
CASE STUDY
Mr. Thomas is a resident at a long-term care facility. It has been 2 hours since he has been repositioned and it is now time for Julie to move him onto his left side. Upon rolling him, Julie notices an open wound on his coccyx (tail bone). It is red and somewhat deep but does not have a foul smell. What stage is Mr. Thomas's pressure wound?
stage 2: partial thickness, involves epidermis and dermis
Natalie experiences seasonal allergies. In the fall on her way to school, she feels pressure on either side of her nose, beneath her cheeks. There is most likely pressure in her sinuses. Which sinus cavity is bothering Natalie?
maxillary
calculate the mass (in grams) of 1.5 moles of K
(hint: K = 39 g)
1.5 x 39 = 58.5g