Reinforcement
Reinforcement is when a consequence _______ the behavior that it follows.
Example: George raised his hand to answer a question. The teacher called on him and praised him for raising his hand. George began raising his hand more often.
What is strengthens?
All human behavior can be categorized into four of these. (Attention, access, escape, sensory)
What are functions of behavior?
A teaching process that breaks down complex activities into a series of simple steps that students are able to learn more easily.
Examples: often used for hand washing and toothbrushing
What is task analysis? (TA)
A one-to-one instructional approach used to teach skills in a planned, controlled, and systematic manner. It is used when a learner needs to learn a skill best taught in small repeated steps. Each trial or teaching opportunity has a definite beginning and end, thus the name.
What is Discrete Trial Training? (DTT)
Responds to name and begins to recognize familiar faces.
What is six months old?
A preprogrammed METHOD of reinforcement delivery contingent upon a certain number of responses, time elapsing, or other criteria related to the response.
what is a Schedule of Reinforcement?
An individual may be engaging in maladaptivebehavior to elicit this from teachers, students, parents or other people.
What is attention?
The sequence is taught beginning with the last step. And again, the previous step is not taught until the final step is learned.
What is backward chaining?
The provider says, “Do this” and touches her nose. The client then touched his nose.
What is imitation?
Mands with sounds or actions to gain attention and points with index finger ( Fine motor skills Developing)
What is 12 months old?
This STIMULUS, when added, increases the frequency of desirable behavior.
Example: Albert said “excuse me” when he wanted his teacher’s attention. The teacher praised him for being polite and gave him her attention.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
When presented with a math worksheet, Billy verbally refused to do the work and laid his head on the table.
The function of Billy’s behavior is likely this.
What is escape?
The least invasive level of prompting, allows the learner to complete the task without the provider.
What is visual prompting?
Also could be Independent, and the natural environmental stimulus serves as prompts.
The provider says, “Touch your nose.
What is one step direction? Or listener response
Wants to please others socially, shows concern and sympathy, plays with a variety of materials, washes hands, gets dressed and brushes teeth independently.
What is 5 years old?
The number of responses needed for reward varies. This is the most powerful partial reinforcement.
What is Variable Schedule of Reinforcement?
At the Walmart check out, Mary cried and yelled for candy. Mom gave in and bought the candy.
Mary was likely engaged in this function of behavior.
What is Access to tangibles?
The most invasive level of prompting, used when the learner has no skill in completing the step or the task.
What is full physical prompting?
Prior events that influence undesired behavior. (Example: woke up early, missed the bus, hasn’t eaten breakfast)
What are setting events?
Walks alone, drinks from a cup, eats with a spoon, can follow 1 step demands.
What is 18 months old?
The reinforcers that the child earns and that are then exchanged for a larger reward, based on the child’s success.
What is token economy or token system?
George engages in repetitive rocking behavior when alone in the living room.
This is likely an example of THIS function of behavior.
What is sensory or automatic?
A client required full physical assistance to apply toothpaste to his toothbrush on Monday. On Tuesday the provider offered partial physical assistance.
Answer: What is prompt fading?
When the function of behavior is not known, the BCBA may ask the provider to record the antecedent, behavior and consequence to help determine the function.
What is ABC data collection?
Takes turns, names familiar objects, understands prepositions of in, on and under, follows 2 to 3 step directions, able to show a wide range of emotions.
What is 3 years old?