Researchers use this term to describe children's understanding of other people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
What is social cognition.
100
When children are deprived of ________ ________ it can lead to low self-esteem, depression, poor school achievement, dropping out of school, and delinquent behavior.
What is peer relations.
100
This behavior involves acts of caring, helping, sharing, and cooperating with others.
What are prosocial bahaviors.
100
This theory focuses on children's conceptions of rules, fairness, and justice.
What is Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
100
These form when children develop a negative view of others based on their race or ethnicity.
What is prejudices.
200
Children are not able to view situations or themselves from another's perspective until when?
What is the middle or late childhood years.
200
Most studies suggest that good peer relations are necessary for this type of development.
What is normal psychological development.
200
This is one of the most common forms of aggressive behavior in school settings.
What is bullying bahavior.
200
Participation in these programs contribute to youth development. Young people learn important social skills such as effective communication, teamwork, and civic responsibility.
What are service learning programs.
200
This refers to a child of equal age or maturity.
What is a peer.
300
Perspective taking abilities are important for these 2 reasons.
What is social relations and moral development.
300
Whereas young children's friendships were based on shared activities, older children emphasize the importance of these 2 concepts.
What is shared rules and values.
300
Discipline practices have an important influence on children's prosocial behaviors. Parents who use these 2 concepts as a method of disciplining children tend to have children who behave prosocially.
What are resoning and induction.
300
The 3 levels in this process are preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
What is Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning.
300
This is the tendency of some aggressive children to interpret social situations as personally threatening or hostile; even when the intentions of other actors are unclear.
What is hostile attribution bias.
400
Understanding the perspective of other begins when?
What is early infancy.
400
What is the percentage of gay and lesbian adolescents who abuse drugs or alcohol. Most likely this is due to social rejection by peers.
What is 60%.
400
Although rates have declined in the past, _________continues to be the second leading cause of death among teenagers in the United States.
What is violence.
400
In response to public concerns about juvenile violence, schools today are placing a greater emphasis on these 2 factors.
What is moral education and character development.
400
This is a discipline technique in which parents offer explanation for their rules and ask children to reflect on their behavior; helps children develop self-control and self-discipline. Teachers need to use this method in their classrooms as well.
What is an inductive method of discipline.
500
In this game, middle or high school students "try on" different perspectives.
What is the Believing Game.
500
This is associated with academic difficulties, school adjustment problems, truancy, and high school dropout. It is also a predictor of adolescent crime and dilinquency.
What is peer rejection.
500
Along with programs focused on individual groups of students, many schools have implemented schoolwide programs for improving the skills and interpersonal relations of all students. These programs are called ________ __________ __________.
What are conflict resolution programs.
500
Kohlberg's ideas were challenged in a book called "In a Different Voice" by this author, who claimed that his ideas were solely based on men.
Who is Carol Gilligan.
500
This is a direct approach to moral development that involves teaching young people core values and virtues.