Extrapyramidal
Four
How many extrapyramidal tracts are there?
Voluntary movement of the body
What is the function of pyramidal tracts?
Intrafusal Fibres
Which muscle receptor senses changes in muscle length?
Hyporeflexia and hypotonia
What are two clinical features of a lower motor neurone lesion?
Corticobulbar and Corticospinal
The two pyramidal tracts are
Rubrospinal
"What is the "least important" extrapyramidal tract in humans?
Lateral and Anterior Tracts
What does the corticospinal tract divided into?
Lower motor neurone and all the muscle fibres it innervates
What is a motor unit?
Spasticity and rigidity
What happens to muscle tone in a patient with an upper motor neurone lesion?
At the level of termination of the spinal cord
Where do fibres of anterior corticospinal fibres cross?
Involuntary, such as posture and reflexive movements.
What type of functions do the extrapyramidal tracts control?
Motor cranial nerve nuclei
Where does the corticobulbar tract terminate?
Between extrafusal muscle fibres and tendons
Golgi Tendon organs are located...
In the peripheral nervous system
Where are lower motor neurons located?
Controls movement of more proximal (axial) muscles such as the shoulder and the trunk
What is the function of the anterior corticospinal tract?
The vestibular nuclei in the dorsal medulla
Where does the vestibulospinal tract originate?
Facial and hypoglossal
Which cranial nuclei receive contralateral corticobulbar innervation?
Pain
Other than length and tennis, what else can activate a spinal reflex?
Motor cortex, brainstem or spinal cord
Where are upper motor neurons found?
Pyramidal Decussation
Where do the fibres of lateral corticospinal tract cross?
Orientation in response to various stimuli
What is the tectospinal tract responsible for?
On the contralateral side
Which side would the tongue deviate to after a lesion in the corticobulbar tract?
Myotatic Reflex
What reflex would be activated when a large ball falls in your hand?
Anterior grey column, anterior nerve roots, or cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem and cranial nerves (with motor function)
Where are lower motor neurons located?
90%
What % of corticospinal fibres are lateral?