Religion and the New World
A source of criticism during the early stages of the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church sold THESE in order to raise money to build St. Peter's Basilica
Indulgences
Natives societies were able to become sedentary and heavily increase in population due to the cultivation of this crop.
Maize
This former encomendero was a converted friar who defended native rights in the New World
Bartolome de Las Casas
This invention by Johannes Gutenberg in the 16th century suddenly made the spread of literature and thus ideas available to common folk. Literacy rates began to steadily climb around Europe.
Printing Press
95 theses
The most advanced and populated permanent/hunter-gatherer societies in NORTH America developed in the valleys of this river
Mississippi River
This 16th-19th century trading system supported a colonizing country to maintain and regulate tight control of its colonies in order to increase its wealth
Mercantilism
Identify TWO items that the Europeans were introduced to from contact in the New World
Cacao / Potato / Beans / Maize / Squash / Peanuts / Peppers / Avocado / Tomatoes / Tobacco / pumpkins / turkeys / pineapple
The French established lucrative trading posts centered around this item in Quebec, Canada, and around the Great Lakes
Fur
Growing tired of Spanish colonization, encomienda, and forced religious conversions, Southwest natives participated in this revolt, beginning in 1680.
Pueblo Revolt (or Pope's Rebellion)
Southwest natives often built these types of dwellings in order to maintain defense protection against rival natives
Cliff
This Englishman sailing for the Dutch established Manhattan and a settlement in what would become New York
Henry Hudson
Identify TWO ITEMS that the Europeans were introduced to from contact by the Old World
Honeybees / livestock / grapes / sugar cane / bananas / peaches / olives / coffee / citrus fruits / horses
Although some scholars argue that humans arrived much earlier, the majority of scholars agree that a mass-migration of humans arrived in the Americas about 11,000 years ago across this (then-frozen) waterway
Bering Strait
Even though most churches delivered mass in Latin, the vast majority of commoners and parishioners did not speak the language; instead, they spoke their local language or dialect, otherwise known as THIS (what is it called when people are speaking the common language)
vernacular
Mexicas
These two monarchs granted Christopher Columbus the funding to sail westward in search of a sea route to Asia
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain
Raw materials in Americas --> Europe --> Manufactured materials in Europe --> Africa --> slaves in Africa to the Americas
Explain how labor sources changed for the Spanish from 1492-1600.
Natives working in the encomienda were dying from the labor and disease -- the Spanish then switched to the importation of African slaves (Spanish not the only ones to do this)
This POPE began the practice of selling faster routes to heaven to his parishioners in the early 16th century
Pope Leo X
Although dwindled by the time of the arrival of Columbus, the Mayans were primarily located on this peninsula in modern-day Mexico.
Yucatan
In the racial casta system that developed in New Spain, this was the term used to identify the offspring of a Spaniard and native.
Mestizo
This disease was the one major disease that was transmitted from the natives back to Europe
Syphilis
These 17th and 18th century mercantilist laws enforced tariffs and restricted all British colonists to trade only with England
Navigation Acts