Perception
The definiton of perception
The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to rewcognize meaningful objects and events.
Gestalt psychology
an organize whole. To percieve forms, we must organize the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings.
Selective attention
Depth Perception
Ability to see objects in three dimensions
Relative Clarity
a visual perception that objects that are sharp, clear, and detailed appear closer than objects that are hazy
Bottom-Up processing
Using the features on the object itself to build a perception which takes longer than top-down but is more accurate
Figure and Ground
Organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
Cocktail Party Effect
Monocular Cues
involves interposition, relative size, linear perspective, texture gradient, relative motion
Relative size
if we know that two objects are similar in size, the one that looks smaller is farther away
Top-down process
Perceived by filling in the gaps of what we sense or think it is based on experiences, schemas and expectations
Proximity
Objects that are close together are percieved as being part of the same group
Inattentional Blindless
falling to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Binocular Cues
involves retinal disparity + convergence
Texture Gradient
the coarser it looks the closer it is
Schemas
a mental framework that helps individuals organize, process, and store information
Objects similar in appearance are percieved as being part of the same group
Change Blindness
Changes to the environment are not perceived due to inattention
Binocular cues- Retinal Disparity
as an object comes closer to us, the difference in images between our eyes becomes closer
Linear perspective
parallel lines seem to converge with distance
Perceptual set
Mental prediposition to percieve one thing and not another
Closure
We fill gaps in if we can recognize it
Binocular cues- Convergence
degree to which our eyes turn inward to focus on an object
Interposition
if something is blocking our view, we perceive it as closer