Attitudes & Perceptions
This refers to the process by which one screens, selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli to give them meaning.
What is perception?
The process by which an individual interprets events as being caused by a particular part of the environment.
What is attribution theory?
The tendency to overestimate internal causes and underestimate external or situational causes of behavior.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The extent to which a person is interested in and committed to their assigned tasks.
What is job involvement?
This term describes the process by which we perceive other people.
What is social perception?
The tendency to focus on objects that relate to our immediate needs or wants.
What is response salience?
The tendency for people to act in a manner inconsistent with their attitudes and then attempt to reduce this tension.
What is cognitive dissonance?
The tendency to attribute success to one's own actions and failure to others.
What is self-serving bias?
The relative strength of an individual’s identification with and involvement in an organization.
What is organizational commitment?
A defense that perceives emotionally disturbing or threatening stimuli as having a higher recognition threshold than neutral stimuli.
Perceptual Defense
A pleasurable emotional state resulting from evaluating one's job experience.
What is job satisfaction?
The theory that attitudes result from socially constructed realities as perceived by the individual.
What is the social-information-processing approach?
A bias that involves assigning positive attributes to individuals or things based on one positive trait.
What is the halo effect?
This is a predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to objects or persons in one's environment.
What is attitude?
Dealing with a person’s feelings toward the person or object.
What is affect?
The process by which we systematically screen out information we don’t wish to hear and focus on more salient information.
What is selective perception?
A psychological need to ensure that one’s behaviors align with their attitudes toward an event.
What is cognitive consistency?
Covers both the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias.
What are attribution biases?
This term refers to the process by which people express their inner feelings through physical actions.
What is body language?
The tendency for individuals to quickly recognize familiar objects more than unfamiliar ones.
What is response disposition?
Refers to a defense that perceives emotionally disturbing stimuli as having a higher recognition threshold.
What is perceptual defense?
The theory that argues attitudes represent stable predispositions to respond to people or situations.
What is the dispositional approach?
The tendency to assign attributes to people solely on the basis of their class or category.
What is stereotyping?
The tendency to focus on objects that relate to our immediate needs or wants.
Response salience
This approach argues that attitudes result from the uniqueness of a given situation.
What is the situational approach?