Medical Terminology
These two combining forms mean "kidney"
What are "nephr/o" and "ren/o"?
Urine drains from the kidneys into the urinary bladder via these tubes
What are the ureters?
Percutaneous nephrostomy tubes are made of this material.
What is plastic?
This condition translates to "water on the kidney"
What is hydronephrosis?
This type of contrast media is used during the placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tubes because it can be absorbed by the body
What is iodinated contrast?
This prefix means "through"
What is "per-"?
Urine is excreted from the urinary bladder via this tube, which is significantly longer in men
What is the urethra?
This was the year that percutaneous nephrostomy was first described
What is 1955?
This is a condition in which the collecting portion of the kidney becomes inflammed
What is pyelonephritis?
Contrast can be administered in one of two ways; this way means "against the normal flow," and utilizes a urinary catheter.
What is retrograde?
This combining form means "skin"
What is "cutane/o"?
The portion of the kidney where the renal pyramids are located
The procedure became widely used as an alternative to traditional surgery primarily for this reason.
What is minimally invasive?
This condition is commonly referred to as "kidney stones."
What is nephrolithiasis?
Placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tubes utilizes x-ray guidance, provided by either of these pieces of equipment.
What is a C-arm or a fluoroscopy table?
This combining form means "renal pelvis"
What is "pyel/o"?
These structures drain urine from the renal medulla into the renal pelvis.
Major calyces and minor calyces
Percutaneous nephrostomy uses this type of guidance, allowing the physician to visualize the urinary system.
What is x-ray guidance, or fluoroscopy?
This condition involves the formation of an abnormal pathway between two internal structures.
What is a fistula?
Placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tubes requires the use of surgical aseptic techniques, making it this type of procedure.
What is sterile?
This suffix means "condition"
What is "iasis"?
The renal vein drains blood directly into this blood vessel
What is the inferior vena cava?
Percutaneous nephrostomy was pioneered by this groundbreaking urologist.
Who is Dr. Willard Goodwin?
If a renal calculus measures larger than this in diameter, percutaneous nephrostomy may be considered.
What is 2 centimeters?
Latin for "nothing by mouth," this is abbreviated as NPO
What is nil per os?