Rules & Definitions
"The perfect tense is used for actions in the past that are __________ ."
complete
What is the most common perfect stem formation rule?
original present stem +"v" or +"u"
Turn the following verb into the imperfect:
"spectas" (specto, spectare)
"spectas" --> "spectabas"
Turn the following verb into the perfect:
"vocat" (voco, vocare)
"vocat" --> "vocavit"
Which of the following is a direct English derivative of "vulnus, vulneris"? [vulcanic, vulgar, vulnerable, vulture]
vulnerable
[vulnus ---> vulnerabilis ---> vulnerable]
Give any one of the three: "the imperfect tense is used when an action in the past is __________, __________ or __________."
Incomplete, ongoing, or habitual.
Identify the perfect stem pattern that applies to this verb: ascendo (I climb) --> ascendi (I climbed)
Pattern: UNCHANGED
e.g. descendo, contendo, incendo, verto, constituo
Turn the following verb into the imperfect:
"mitto" (mittere)
*3rd conjugation verbs require "e" before "ba"
Turn the following verb into the perfect:
"monent" (moneo, monere)
"monent" --> "monuerunt"
Which of the following is a direct English derivative of "lego, legere"? [illegal, illegible, privilege, leg]
illegible
[lego, legere ---> legibilis (readable) ---> legible --> illegible] very close to "lex, legis" (law)
All (regular) imperfect tense verbs can be identified by “_________” added after its verb stem.
"ba" e.g. dicit --> dicebat
Identify the perfect stem pattern that applies to this verb: dico ---> dixi
Pattern: +"s"
e.g. scribo/scripsi, duco/duxi, rego/rexi
Turn the following verb into the imperfect:
"sunt" (sum, esse)
*Irregular pattern: "era" + (m,s,t,mus,tis,nt)
Turn the following verb into the perfect:
"constituimus" (constituo, constituere)
"constituimus" --> "constituimus"
*Trick question. Same stem AND ending "imus" since constituo is 3rd conjugation.
The English words "verify, verisimilitude, veracious" are derived from which Latin root word?
Hint: adjective
verus, -a, -um
Unlike other conjugations, most __________ conjugation verbs follow their own particular rules when turning into perfect tense. E.g. +"s", lengthened vowel, unchanged, etc.
3rd conjugation verbs
Identify the perfect stem pattern that applies to this verb: accedo (I approach) --> accessi (I approached)
Pattern: +"s"
"accedo" is a compound verb based on "cedo, cessi"
Turn the following verb into the imperfect:
"facitis" (facio, facere)
"facitis" --> "faciebatis"
*facere is mixed conjugation, and hence requires "ie" before "ba".
Turn the following verb into the perfect:
"respondetis" (respondeo, respondere)
"respondetis" --> "respondistis"
*Stem is unchanged but the perfect personal ending is different.
The English words "gravitate, grievance, aggravate" are derived from which Latin root word?
gravis, grave
State the general formula for forming the imperfect tense:
________ stem + "________" + ________ = the imperfect form
present stem + "ba" + present personal endings (m, s, t, mus, tis, nt) = the imperfect form
Identify the perfect stem pattern that applies to this verb: sum (I am) --> fui (I (once) was)
Pattern: IRREGULAR
*This is a trick question. "sum" is an irregular verb and hence does not follow any perfect stem patterns.
Turn the following verb into the imperfect:
"possumus" (possum, posse)
"possumus" --> "poteramus"
*Irregular pattern: "pot" + (eram, eras, erat, ...)
Turn the following verb into the perfect:Turn the following verb into the perfect:
"scribo" (scibere)
"scribo" --> "scripsi"
*Stem pattern is +"s": [ scrib + s = scrips ]
The Latin word for "worst" is "pessimus". Can you think of an English word derived from it?
pessimism