Past Modal Forms
I _____________ (study) medicine. But I became a teacher instead.
I COULD HAVE STUDIED medicine. But I became a teacher instead.
Perfect modal used to express regret or an opinion about a past situation
should have + past participle
Shouldn't have+ Past Participle
1) begin 2) meet 3) hurt
1) begun 2) met 3) hurt
Erica must has gone out. I can't find her anywhere.
HAVE
Might/ May Have
Jeanette isn't here. She __________ (go) home early.
Jeanette isn't here. She MUST HAVE GONE home early.
Perfect modal used to express probability, uncertainty or conjecture (guess) about an event in past time.
may have/ might have + past participle
1) grow 2) lend 3) hide
1) grown 2) lent 3) hidden
Michael is running late. He might have get stuck in traffic.
GOT
Should have
Dean ______________ (drive) home after the party last night. He was stopped for drunk driving.
Dean SHOULD NOT / SHOULDN'T HAVE DRIVEN home after the party last night. He was stopped for drunk driving.
Perfect modal that is used to express slight probability.
could have + past participle
1) lie 2) give 3) pay
1) lain 2) given 3) paid
Lily has a great suntan. She must go somewhere hot for her vacation.
HAVE GONE
You ____________ (go) on the cruise. You __________ (fall) in love with it.
You SHOULD HAVE GONE on the cruise. You Might/MAY HAVE FALLEN in love with it.
Perfect modal used show strong probability (deduction) in past time.
must have + past participle
1) throw 2) wear 3) wake
I think Gabriel drink all the milk. There's none left.
MUST HAVE DRUNK
Must have
I ___________(study) architecture. I ___________ (be) famous.
I COULD HAVE STUDIED architecture. I MIGHT HAVE BEEN famous.
Perfect modal used to express impossibility.
Could not have + past participle
1) shine 2) ring 3) show
1) shone/shined 2) rung 3) shown
Jenna is late. She may have took the wrong road.
MAY/ MIGHT HAVE TAKEN
Shouldn't have