PPP Power
Translate: amātus
(having been) loved
Define: gaudium
Joy/pleasure
Turn "He saw the lion" into a passive statement in English
The lion was seen by him.
When you see a 4th principal part (e.g., amātus), what two English words are most commonly used to start the translation?
Having been
Which participle is translated by adding "-ing" to the English verb?
Present Active Participle (PrAP)
Define Perfect Passive
PPP + present form of esse (was/has been [verbed])
Define: quot?
how many?
Identify the PPP in: puella vocāta est
vocāta
What suffix is added to a 3rd person singular present active verb (like amat) to make it passive?
-tur
What are the first two endings of all Present Active Participles?
-ns / -ntis
What case/gender/number does a PPP need to match?
The noun it describes
Define: poenās dare
to pay the penalty, to be punished
Translate: puella vocāta erat
The girl had been called.
To form the Pluperfect Passive, what tense of the verb esse (sum, esse) must you use?
Imperfect (eram, erās, erat...).
Relative Tense: Which participle describes an action happening at the same time as the main verb?
Present Active Participle (PrAP)
Explain the difference between Perfect and Pluperfect Passive
Perfect uses present esse (was/has been); Pluperfect uses imperfect esse (had been).
Define: propter AND indicate the case it governs
on account of, because of; accusative
Convert from active to passive: mīserās
missus/missa/missum erās
When you see a passive verb and the phrase ā/ab followed by a person, what grammatical construction is this?
Ablative of (Personal) Agent
Present Active Participles typically follow which declension pattern?
3rd Declension
Provide the PPP that means "(having been) compelled"
coāctus
Define: postrīdiē
On the following day
Convert from active to passive: mīlitēs hostēs vulnerāvērunt.
hostēs vulnerātī sunt ā mīlitibus.
A Perfect Passive Participle must match the noun it describes in what three specific grammatical categories?
Gender, Number, and Case
If you have the sentence "The lion, seen by the man, roared," explain the relative timing: Did the lion see the man before, during, or after the lion roared?
Before (Relative tense: the PPP describes an action completed prior to the main action of the sentence).