Past Perfect or Past?
He heard that his brother _________here. (be)
He heard that his brother was here.
Rick _________ more than 300 miles, and there are many miles to go. (drive) He must be tired.
Rick has been driving more than 300 miles, and there are many miles to go. He must be tired.
He _____________ contacts when he was younger. (have)
He used to have contacts when he was younger.
To be overwhelmed by or overcome with emotion
To brim over
to bog __________
to bog down
By the time she was 20, Amanda already ____________ three books of poetry. (publish)
By the time she was 20, Amanda had already published three books of poetry.
The teacher __________________ the topic every semester. (teach)
The teacher has taught the topic every semester.
I _______________ swimming every Thursday when I was at school.(go)
I used to go/would go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.
To come to realize or understand something, usually quite suddenly
To dawn on
to wise ________
to wise up
The mechanic fixed my car yesterday morning before I ______________ for work. (leave)
The mechanic fixed my car yesterday morning before I (had)left for work.
I _________________ my homework. (complete)
I have completed my homework.
We ___________ in New York City when I was a kid. (live)
We used to live in New York City when I was a kid.
To provide financial or other assistance to help something or someone to exist or survive, especially when it is in trouble
To prop up
To find and eliminate something considered harmful or dangerous (that has been hidden from view) to root ___
To root out
They never ______________anything like this before. (experience)
They had never experienced anything like this before.
They ___________ all day long. (drink)
They have been drinking all day long.
My grandma _____________ read me amazing stories every night. (read)
My grandma would/used to read me amazing stories every night.
To become part of someone or to have someone else’s characteristics & mannerisms (almost by osmosis)
To rub off on
To defend yourself from a blow or a perceived attack for a short time without dealing with the problem completely - to fend ______
To fend off
I would have helped you out if I ____________. (know)
I would have helped you out if I had known.
I _____________ him for years. (know)
I have known him for years.
I _______________ my typewriter for assignments when I was in college. (use)
I would/used to use my typewriter for assignments when I was in college.
This involves multiple individuals who unite in opposition to one target. The actions are intentional to achieve a common goal of opposition or pressure, and it is considered unfair or hostile behavior.
To gang up on
to zero ____ _____
to zero in on