CAD
What lifestyle change is essential in reducing CAD risk?
Smoking cessation.
What is the cutoff blood pressure reading that defines hypertension?
140/90 mmHg or higher.
What is the most common cause of heart failure?
Coronary artery disease.
What is the main cause of ischemic stroke?
A blood clot blocking an artery in the brain.
DVT commonly affects the veins in which part of the body?
The legs.
What type of chest pain is most severe at puts a patient at risk of having an MI?
Unstable angina
Which dietary plan is recommended for hypertension management?
The DASH diet. more fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat diet, lean protein, limit salt.
Name a symptom that distinguishes right-sided heart failure from left-sided heart failure.
Peripheral edema, ascites, jugular vein distention
What is the term for a “mini-stroke” that resolves within 24 hours?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA).
What is a common initial symptom of a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
Sudden shortness of breath or chest pain
Which diagnostic test is used to assess for an MI?
Cardiac markers-Creatine kinanse, CK-MB, troponin, myoglobin
What is a possible complication of untreated hypertension?
Stroke, heart disease, or kidney damage.
What diagnostic tool is used to measure the ejection fraction in HF patients?
Echocardiogram.
What is the leading risk factor for stroke?
Hypertension.
What is the first-line imaging test to diagnose DVT?
Doppler ultrasound.
Name a medication often prescribed to reduce cholesterol levels in CAD patients.
Statin drugs
This class of drugs is commonly used as a first-line treatment for hypertension.
Thiazide diuretics.
Which medication class helps reduce fluid buildup in heart failure patients?
Diuretics.
What imaging technique is often used first to diagnose a suspected stroke?
CT scan.
In peripheral vascular disease (PVD), what symptom occurs when there’s pain in the legs during walking that’s relieved by rest?
Intermittent claudication.
What is the surgical procedure called that creates a new route for blood flow around blocked coronary arteries?
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
What effect does hypertension have on the risk of developing left ventricular hypertrophy?
It increases the risk.
Name the peptide hormone level that is elevated in heart failure, often used to diagnose the condition.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).
This medication is a thrombolytic agent given in emergency cases of ischemic stroke to dissolve blood clots.
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
Name one major risk factor for deep vein thrombosis.
Prolonged immobility, such as after surgery or a long flight.