HTN
What medications do we use to treat HTN and what are the side effects and monitoring required?
-ACE -ARBS -BETA BLOCKERS -CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
What are the warning signs of an MI
Tightness, choking, or heavy sensation
How do we treat heart failure and how do we evaluate if our treatment was successful?
Life style changes, such as losing weight, helping HTN, DASH diet. How do we know it worked? weight loss, bp lower, and better perfusion throughout the body
What are the 3 P’s that are required for perfusion and what can occur to prevent perfusion?
Plasma, Pressure, Passage. Inability of blood to pass through vessels and reach target organs.
"The silent killer"
what is HTN
What causes hypertension?
Increases in cardiac output, increases in peripheral resistance (constriction of the blood vessels) or both.
What are the priority interventions for a client with an MI?
Place them on an EKG ASAP
What is heart failure, where does it generally begin and how does it progress
Fluid build up, and begins on the left side, and it progresses by symptoms worsening such as SOB, edema, pink frothy sputum, coughing, distended jugular veins.
is a medical test that records the electrical activity of the heart and transfers it to graph paper for a diagnostic review.
12 lead ECG
No symptoms. EKG changes can be seen
silent ischemia
Blood pressure is greater than 180/120 but no evidence of immediate or progressive target organ.
HTN urgency
What determines the difference between a STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina?
-Both have ST elevation, STEMI is emergency to the cath lab and NSTEMI is urgency. Unstable angina sudden, unpredictable chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart and can progress to a heart attack.
What is the purpose of a heart catherization? What areas do they enter?
To treat the heart condition. In the wrist or groin
most common and usually performed at the bedside and is usually referred to as an ECHO (bedside).
vasospastic- prinzmetals
what is variant angina
Blood pressure is greater than 180/120 with new or worsening target organ damage identified on exam and with abnormal lab results. TREAT IMMEDIATLEY.
What is HTN emergency
What medications are used to treat an MI?
MONA: Morphine, Oxygen, Nitro, Aspirin
What is the care and assessments required by the nurse after a catherization?
-Checking the farthest distal point from the incision site
What non-emergency procedure is performed in the cath lab?
what is transesophageal commonly called the TEE. this is an invasive procedure.
Lasts 10-15 mins. Occurs with exertion and relived by rest. Chronic:predictable
What target organs are we looking at to determine new or worsening conditions?
Eyes, heart, kidneys, and brain
What cardiac biomarkers do we test for?
CKMB -Creatine Kinase (CK) -Troponin -Myoglobin
What is the difference between left and right sided heart failure and what are the signs and symptoms you would look for?
Left ventricle doesn’t fully empty because of poor contractility. Pt’s feel like they are DROWNING. Left side has lesser symptoms. Right side of the heart cannot eject blood effectively and cannot accommodate all the blood that returns during venous circulation. Pt’s are SWELLING. Right sided heart failure has greater symptoms and happens after left sided HF.
How does blood flow through the heart and out to the body?
Inferior/superior vena cava- right atrium- tricuspid valve- right ventricle- pulmonary artery- (goes to lungs to get oxygenated)- pulmonary vein-left atrium- mitral valve-left ventricle-aortic valve-aorta-body
What are the lipid lowering agents?
-Omega 3 -Bile acid -Nicotinic acids -Cholesterol absorption inhibitors -Statins
-Fibric acids