Labs & Diagnostics
Heart Failure
Myocardial Infarction
Medications
Risk Factors and Lifestyle Modifications
100
What is Troponin? How long after the initial test is completed does a second test need to be done?
Troponin in a protein in the heart, that when injured is released into the blood.
2-4 hours after the initial test
100
Patient is experiencing SOB, crackles in lungs, and blood tinged sputum. What do they most likely have?
Left Sided Heart Failure
100
What vessels are commonly blocked during an MI?
Coronary Artery
100
Can TNK/TPA be used for MIs?
Yes, but must be given right away and not always effective.
100
What race has the highest risk of developing HF and having MIs?
African American
200
Who should not have an angiogram?
Allergy to contrast/shellfish and/or kidney problems
200
A patient is experiencing SOB, fatigue, and palpitations at any movement and is only comfortable at rest. What stage of heart failure is the patient at?
Stage 3
200
What is a STEMI? What does it indicate?
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Indicates a completely blocked coronary artery.
200
What medications are most commonly used to manage heart failure?
Diuretics
Angiotensin System Blockers-ACE, ARBs, ARNI
Beta Blockers
Digitalis
200
What is the ideal amount of sodium recommended by the American Heart Association?
1,500mg per day
300
What is a sinus rhythm?
normal electrical activity of the heart
300
What is cor pulmonale?
When a lung condition increases the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, causing the right ventricle to work harder causing it to get larger. The enlarged right ventricle then causes a type of right-sided heart failure
300
What are the symptoms women are more likely to have that are less associated with a heart attack?
SOB
Upset Stomach
Pain in shoulder, back, or arm
Anxiety
300
What does MONA stand for?
Morphine
Oxygen Therapy
Nitrates
Aspirin
300
What is the most common cause of Heart Failure?
Coronary Artery Disease
400
What are the 2 most common places a cardiac catheter is inserted?
Groin- Femoral
Arm- Radial
400
What type of heart failure is this?
Diastolic Heart Failure
400
What is a 'widowmaker' heart attack?
The left anterior descending artery is blocked, which is the hearts largest artery. The LAD artery carries 50% of the blood for the heart muscle.
400
What medication should you give for inferior MI to reduce the chest pain?
Morphine.
400
How does smoking increase the risk of an MI?
Smoking increases build up plaque because it damages blood vessels.
500
What are some complications of a cardiac catheterization?
1.Hematoma
2.Thrombosis/Embolism
3.Stroke
4.Dissection of the great vessels
500
Calculate the Ejection Fraction. And is the percentage normal?
End-Diastolic Volumes=195, End-Systolic Volumes=100
First calculate the Stroke Volume: 195-100=95
Then divide the Stroke Volume with EDV, then multiply by 100: (95/195)*100=48%
Ejection Fraction is 48%, and is low.
500
What is this? And what does it show?
T Wave Inversion, which indicates a NSTEMI.
500
Describe the RAAS system.
500
How does stress increase the risk for an MI?
Stress increases blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammation, which can destabilize existing plaques in the coronary arteries, which can then cause a blockage.