Surgery and Devices?
These CHDs receive a Blalock–Taussig (BT) Shunt which connects the subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery to increase pulmonary blood flow.
What are ToF and tricuspid atresia?
This type of medication helps remove excess preload in children with heart failure due to CHD.
What are Diuretics (loops and aldosterone blockers)?
For this surgery, the surgeon opens the chest, connects the patient to a heart-lung machine, removes the damaged valve, and sews in a new mechanical or tissue valve. The heart is restarted, and normal blood flow is restored.
What is a valve replacement?
This is the first-line treatment for hypovolemic shock.
What is rapid fluid replacement with isotonic crystalloids (normal saline or lactated Ringer’s)?
This is the first line drug to administer in anaphylactic shock.
What is epinephrine IM?
Definitive Repair (total surgical repair) for this CHD includes: Closing the VSD with a patch, Widening or removing obstructed areas of the right ventricular outflow tract and/or repair of the pulmonary valve, Sometimes enlarging the pulmonary arteriea.
Widening of the Outflow Tract Involves:
The surgeon cuts open the narrowed portion below or around the pulmonary valve.
A patch (often made from the patient’s pericardium or synthetic material) is placed to enlarge the outflow tract.
This patch increases the size of the passageway, allowing blood to flow more freely from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
What is ToF?
This medication strengthens heart contractions and slows the heart rate in infants with heart failure.
What is digoxin?
This CHD will need:
End-to-End Anastomosis: Resection of the narrowed segment and direct reconnection.
Subclavian Flap Aortoplasty: Uses a flap from the left subclavian artery to enlarge the narrowed area.
Patch Aortoplasty: Enlargement using a synthetic patch.
Balloon Angioplasty / Stent Placement: Used in older infants, children, or recurrence after surgery.
What is CoA?
These are the goals of treatment in septic shock.
What are restore tissue perfusion and treat infection, while preventing further complications?
This medication helps raise blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and increasing water retention.
What is Vasopressin?
This CHD may need these procedures if the defect doesn't spontaneously close within the first weeks of life:
Transcatheter Coil Embolization or Device Closure (Amplatzer duct occluder)- Performed via cardiac catheterization
Surgical Ligation- Used when catheterization is not feasible or unsuccessful
What is PDA?
This drug is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants.
What is Indomethacin?
After this surgery, nurses must monitor for graft occlusion or renal failure due to decreased perfusion.
What is AAA repair?
This device helps the left ventricle pump blood to the body in severe cardiogenic shock.
What is a an Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)?
This drug causes vasoconstriction and is used to raise blood pressure in septic shock.
What is Norepinephrine (Levophed)?
This CHD may need:
Transcatheter Closure Amplatzer Septal Occluder or similar device placed via cardiac catheterization
OR
Surgical Repair Direct suturing (small defect) or patch closure (large defect) using pericardium or synthetic material. Used for large, complex, or non-secundum defects.
What are atrial septal defects?
This drug is used to keep the ductus arteriosus open in newborns with ToF, tricuspid atresia, and CoA.
What is Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)?
This type of valve replacement requires lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin.
What is a mechanical valve replacement?
These are key indicators showing that treatment for shock is effective.
What are improved urine output, stable blood pressure, and improved mental status?
This medication increases heart contractility and cardiac output in cardiogenic shock.
What is dobutamine?
This CHD may need:
Surgical Patch Closure- Open-heart surgery to close the defect with a synthetic (Dacron) patch or sutures.
OR
Transcatheter Device Closure uses a device occluder placed via catheterization.
What is a VSD?
These drug helps decrease the workload of the heart in CHD by reducing preload and afterload.
What are ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril)?
This device helps the left ventricle pump blood to the body in severe heart failure?
What is a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)?
This nursing interventions prevents a myocardial infarction possibly progressing to MODS?
What are administer oxygen and monitoring I and Os?
This medication prevents the development of DIC in the septic shock patient.
What is an anticoagulant like unfractionated heparin or low-molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin)?