Labs
Normal sodium range
135-145
What is the bad kind of cholesterol? Why is it bad?
LDL- causes the formation of plaque-like substances on the walls of the cardiovascular system, making the patient high risk for heart attack and stroke.
What class of medication is digoxin? What assessment should be completed prior to giving this medication?
Cardiac glycosides: HR >60
What mask provides the highest concentration of oxygen to a spontaneously breathing patient?
Non-rebreather mask
to assess the effectiveness of a vasodilator administered to a client, what should the nurse assess?
What is Blood pressure, vasodilators lower blood pressure
Lab that measures extent of heart failure. This protein is released in response to changes in pressure inside the heart.
BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide
What is a DASH diet?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- designed to lower BP without medication by:
-reducing sodium
-eating a variety of foods rich in nutrients
-cut back on foods high in sat fats, cholesterol, and trans fat
-Eat more whole-grains, fish, poultry, and nuts
-Limit sweets, sugary drinks, and red meats
Your patient is being discharged on spironolactone, what education should you provide your patient?
-Monitor weight
-Monitor blood pressure
-Monitor potassium intake
-DO not skip medication, take on daily basis
-Take in the morning
Clubbing of the nails could indicate (abnormal, rounded shape of nail bed)
Decreased perfusion
Usually from COPD, lung disease, cystic fibrosis
Which assessment finding would alert the nurse that the patient is experiencing issues with perfusion?
1. BP 100/60
2. Apical HR 80, radial HR 68
3. RR of 22
4. Temp: 101.2
1. BP 100/60
2. Apical HR 80, radial HR 68
3. RR of 22
4. Temp: 101.2
What medication is associated with INR? If a patient were on this medication what should their INR levels be?
Coumadin- 2-3
According to the AHA, most adults consume more than 3400 mg of NA a day. What is current daily recommendations?
Less that 2300mg, ideally less than 1500 mg.
Your patient, who takes daily Digoxin, comes to the clinic with GI upset, N/V, changes in vision (blurry and seeing halos around bright objects), and is having palpitations. What is occurring?
Digoxin toxicity
-Life-threatening condition, can induce arrhythmia and death
What is are caring for a patient admitted with heart failure. The patient's vital signs are: BP 120/60, HR 64, R 18, T 97.6°F. You auscultate coarse crackles bilaterally and palpate 3+ edema to the lower extremities. What do you suspect in occurring with this patient?
Excessive fluid overload
Which of the following is an expected outcome of a patient receiving IV furosemide?
1. increased blood pressure
2. increased urine output
3. deceased pain
4. decreased PVC's
Increased urine output
Normal range for BUN?
10-20
A patient was discharged with a new diagnosis of CHF, what are some important discharge instructions?
-Monitor weight, report increase in weight
-Monitor VS
-Take prescribed medications
-Watch for edema in feet/legs
-Reduce NA in diet
-Possible fluid restrictions
This type of diuretic prevents the body from absorbing too much salt and keeps your potassium levels from getting too low- often used to treat heart failure, HTN, or hypokalemia
Potassium sparing diuretic
Process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues
Your patient comes to the clinic and states his left calf is sore, red, and swollen. He is tachycardic with a low O2 rate, he appears anxious and is having difficulty breathing. What is happening?
He probably had a DVT in leg, which moved to the lungs (PE)
What is a Lipid panel?
Blood test that measures fats and fatty substances- cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL.
A patient is in the clinic with c/o SOB for the last 2 weeks. Which lab finding would be expected?
1.increased hematocrit
2. decreased BUN
3. increased blood sugar
4. increased sedimentation rateincreased hct. hct is the percentage of the blood that is erythrocytes, which contain the hemoglobin that carries oxygen.
A patient taking Lisinopril (has been for 10 years), calls the clinic and reports a dry cough but no other symptoms. They are wondering if they should come in to clinic, what do you tell them?
Yes, the dry cough could be caused by taking Lisinopril, doctor needs to determine if medication should be discontinued.
When assessing a temperature rectally, the nurse would use extreme care when inserting the thermometer to prevent which of the following? ( vital signs)
What is Decrease heart rate because of stimulation to the vagus nerve
Which patient is highest risk for coronary artery disease?
1. 32 year old with mitral valve prolapse who quit smoking 10 years ago.
2. a 43 yo male with a family hx of CAD and cholesterol level of 158.
3. a 56 yo with HDL of 60 who takes Lipitor.
4. a 65- yo female who is obese with a LDL of 188
4. a 65- yo female who is obese with a LDL of 188