Trade&Travel
Agricultural system employed by North American Indians; maize, beans, and squash grown together
What is three sisters farming?
People of mixed Indian and European heritage, notably in Mexico
mestizos
labor system in the used by the Spanish in the Americas; Native Americans used as labor force
encomienda system
Sir Walter Raleigh's failed colonial settlement off the coast of North Carolina
Roanoke Island
Major factor in the decimation of indigenous peoples during the exploration period
What is disease?
16th century Spaniards who explored America from Colorado to Argentina
Spanish brutally crushed a Pueblo uprising in this 1599 battle
Battle of Acoma
Spanish fleet defeated in the English channel in 1588
Spanish Armada
The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between the Old and New World societies after 1492
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Spanish monarchs who funded the travels of Columbus
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain
fabled notion that Spanish explorers did little other than butcher Indians and steal their gold
Black Legend
legal document granting British colonists the rights of Englishmen which helped solidify colonists' ties to England
charter
Small vessels that could sail more closely into the wind, allowing European sailors to explore the western shores of Africa
What were caravels?
Spanish explorer who searched for fabled golden cities in the 1500s
Francisco Coronado
Indian slave woman who served as an interpreter during Hernan Cortes' conquest of the Aztecs
Malinche (Dona Marina)
First permanent English settlement in Virginia
Jamestown 1607
Divided New World territories between Spain and Portugal, Spain receive the bulk of territory and Portugal received Asian and African territories. (1494)
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Spanish missionary who worked to abandon the encomienda system
Bartolome de las Casas
Aztec leader who saw his powerful Aztec empire crumble under the force of the Spanish invasion
Moctezuma