European Colonization
This first permanent English settlement, founded in 1607, was established by the Virginia Company.
What is Jamestown?
This region’s economy relied on small farms, shipbuilding, and commerce, not large-scale slavery.
What is New England?
This three-part trade system connected Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
What is the Triangular Trade?
This 1675–1676 conflict between New England colonists and Wampanoag leader Metacom ended Native power in the region.
What is King Philip’s War?
This 1619 institution in Virginia was the first representative government in the colonies.
What is the House of Burgesses?
The economic theory that colonies exist to benefit the mother country.
What is mercantilism?
The colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania were part of this region.
What are the Middle Colonies?
This 1651–1673 series of English laws restricted colonial trade to English ships.
What are the Navigation Acts?
This 1622–1644 series of wars between Virginia settlers and the Powhatan Confederacy nearly wiped out Jamestown.
What are the Anglo-Powhatan Wars?
These contracts bound poor laborers to work for a period in exchange for passage to the New World.
What are indentured servants?
French colonial economy was based mainly on this activity, leading to alliances with Native tribes.
What is the fur trade?
This cash crop dominated the economy of the Chesapeake colonies.
What is tobacco?
Raw materials flowed from the colonies to England, and manufactured goods returned in this economic system.
What is mercantilism?
This 1680 Native uprising in present-day New Mexico drove Spanish settlers out for over a decade.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
This 1739 South Carolina uprising was the largest slave revolt in the colonies.
What is the Stono Rebellion?
This Dutch colony, centered on trade and diversity, later became New York.
What is New Netherland?
Founded by William Penn as a “holy experiment,” this colony offered religious freedom for Quakers.
What is Pennsylvania?
This short-lived union combined several New England colonies under royal control to enforce Navigation Acts.
What is the Dominion of New England?
French alliances with tribes like the Huron were essential in this type of economy.
What is the fur trade?
This religious revival in the 1730s–1740s emphasized emotion and challenged traditional church authority.
What is the Great Awakening?
This 1494 agreement divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This series of colonies established after the English Civil War included the Carolinas and Pennsylvania.
What are the Restoration Colonies?
This brutal leg of the triangular trade transported enslaved Africans to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
The Iroquois Confederacy maintained power by playing European powers against each other, a strategy known as this.
What is balance-of-power diplomacy?
These laws defined the status of enslaved Africans and denied them basic rights.
What are slave codes?