2.2- European Colonization
What were the motives of British Colonization?
New raw materials, trade opportunities, and religous freedom
North (New England) Colonies
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
rocky soil, settled for religious freedom, more families, small farms
Main purpose?
(new materials from colonies, exporting manufactured goods, making $$)
French interactions with American Indians?
Great relations for trade purposes, intermarried with them for kinship purposes, less land displacement than other European nations
What were the motives of French colonization?
Mostly economic - fur trade with Indians, create trading posts, extract national resources (fur, fish)
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
fertile soil, farming, large estates AND small farms (mix of north and south)
Navigation Acts?
British laws - rewuired colonial goods like sugar and tobacco to be transported on British ships and sold in British ports
Dutch interactions with American Indians?
Good relations, based on trade purposes, establisehd trading posts, eventual land disputes
What were the motives of Spanish colonization?
Gold, Glory, God - GGG
Chesapeake Colonies
Virginia, Maryland
not family oriented - used for economic motives, indentured servants, warm climate/fertile land
What was traded?
Raw materials like sugar and tobacco, cash crops, and enslaved people
Spanish interactions with American Indians?
Aggressive/bad relations, set out to conquer and convert them, forced labor (encomienda system), many conflicts and revolts (Pueblo Revolt), disrupted their culture
What were the motives of Dutch colonization?
Similar to French - economic, trade and establishing new markets
Southern Colonies
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
agriculture, warm climate, plantations, racial hierarchy (wealthy white = elite)
Impact of salutary neglect on trade?
Loosely enforced trade laws allowed colonists to smuggle goods, ignore some regulations, and feel economic independence
British interactions with American Indians?
Difference between French and Dutch vs Spanish and British?
French and Dutch - economic, good relationships with Indian for trade reasons
Spanish and British - spreading culture/religion, cash crops, acquire wealth
Main differences?
Geography
Economy - North --> trade, small farms, Middle --> North and South mix DIVERSE, South --> plantations, agriculture
Effects of transatlantic trade on colonial society?
Generated massive wealth for colonial elites, increased demand for enslaved labor, led to greater social and economic divides
Key differences?
French and Dutch - prioritized trade and alliances, GOOD RELATIONS
Spanish - controlling through conquest, forced labor, and conversion BAD RELATIONS
British - focused on settlement and land acquisition, frequent warfare, long term lost of native land and autonomy NOT GREAT RELATIONS