Colonial Beginnings
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607?
Jamestown
What was the significance of the Proclamation of 1763?
It prohibited colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Which colony was established as a refuge for English Catholics in the early 17th century?
Maryland
How did the Columbian Exchange impact the diets of both the Old World and the New World?
It introduced new foods and crops to both worlds.
Explain the differences in migration patterns and motivations between New England and the Chesapeake colonies during the 17th century.
New Englanders migrated for religious reasons, while Chesapeake settlers sought economic opportunities.
Who led the Pilgrims to establish Plymouth Colony in 1620, seeking religious freedom?
William Bradford
Which famous Appalachian mountain pass served as a key route for westward expansion during this period?
Cumberland Gap
What was the primary agricultural crop in the Chesapeake colonies during this period?
Tobacco
What cultural exchanges occurred between Native Americans and European settlers, particularly in terms of agriculture?
Native Americans taught settlers techniques like planting maize and using fish as fertilizer.
What factors contributed to the growth of the middle colonies, such as Pennsylvania and New York, during this period?
Religious tolerance, fertile land, and diverse settlers.
Which European nation founded New Amsterdam, later known as New York, in the early 17th century?
The Dutch
What treaty in 1713 marked the end of Queen Anne's War and changed the boundaries of English and French North American territories?
Treaty of Utrecht
Name one of the significant challenges early settlers faced when establishing colonies in the New World.
Harsh weather, disease
Describe the influence of Native American knowledge on the survival of early European settlers.
Native American knowledge of local plants and agriculture helped settlers adapt.
How did the influx of African slaves impact the demographic makeup of the Southern colonies?
It increased the African population and established slavery as a labor system.
What was the primary motivation for the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630?
Religious Freedom
Which Native American confederation resisted English expansion into the Ohio River Valley during the 18th century?
The Iroquois Confederacy
What role did indentured servants play in the labor force of the Chesapeake colonies?
They provided a significant source of labor in exchange for passage to America.
What is the significance of the fur trade in the cultural exchanges between Europeans and Native Americans?
It fostered economic and cultural interactions in North America.
What was the impact of the Great Migration (1630-1640) on the New England colonies?
It brought a substantial amount of Puritan settlers.
Name the settlement founded by Roger Williams in 1636 that became a haven for religious freedom in Rhode Island.
Providence
What was the outcome of the Pequot War in New England in relation to colonial expansion?
It opened up more land for English settlers in Connecticut.
Which colony was founded by the Dutch and later taken over by the English in 1664?
New Netherland, later New York
How did the spread of Christianity among Native American communities affect their cultures during this period?
It often led to changes in traditional beliefs and practices.
What role did the push-pull factors of economic opportunity and religious freedom play in shaping colonial migration patterns?
They influenced where and why settlers chose to migrate to the New World.