People
17 th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property
John Locke
This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people
American Revolution
The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people
Consent of the Governed
The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs also known as the Sepoy Mutiny
Sepoy Rebellion
Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880 s and 1890 s
Scramble for Africa
French philosopher He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government spoke against the corruption of the French government, and intolerance of the Catholic Church
Voltaire
began in 1789 overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges ended with Napoleon's overthrow and seizure of power in 1799
French Revolution
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property
Natural Rights
South American general and statesman, born in Argentina leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile protector of Peru
Jose de San Martin
Rule by a king or queen with unchecked power
Absolute Monarchy
1712 1778 Believed that society threatened natural rights and freedoms Wrote about society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art instead of its improvement
Rousseau
Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island
Haitian Revolution
Basic principle that government and those who govern must obey the law the rule of law
Constitutionalism
A meeting from 1884 1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa
Berlin Conference
1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils" The rebellion was ended by British troops
Boxer Rebellion
wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government
Montesquieu
Series of risings in the Spanish colonies lasted from 1810 to 1826 that established the independence of new states from Spanish rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social rebellion by the lower classes
Latin American Revolutions
Self-determination
Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mind 1800 s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import this item
Opium Wars
The name for the British government's military rule of India between 1858 and 1947
British Raj
Venezuelan born general called "the Liberator" for his assistance in helping Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela win independence from Spain
Simon de Bolivar
Motto of the French Revolution promoting social ideals
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Information acquired by observation or experimentation
Empirical Evidence
A set of reforms in the Ottoman Empire set to revise Ottoman law to help lift the capitulations put on the Ottomans by European powers
Tanzimat Reforms
Intellectual movement emphasizing reason in the 18th century
Age of Reason