Compromise
agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while banning slavery north of the 36°30' line.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
belief that Americans were destined by God to expand across the continent fueled westward settlement and territorial growth
What is Manifest Destiny?
turning-point battle in Pennsylvania
What is the Battle of Gettysburg?
system emerged after the Civil War, tying freedmen to landowners through labor contracts, often keeping them in economic dependence
What is sharecropping?
president was impeached in 1868 largely because he opposed Congress’s Reconstruction policies
Who is Andrew Johnson?
policy allowed settlers in new territories to vote on whether to allow slavery, leading to violent conflict in Kansas
What is popular sovereignty?
agreement allowed California to enter as a free state and included a stricter Fugitive Slave Act
What is the Compromise of 1850?
year in which US added a former independent republic to the United States, accelerating tensions over slavery
What is 1845 (annexation of Texas)?
this document freed slaves in areas still in rebellion but not in border states
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
number of military districts in the South that were created by Congress to enforce Reconstruction policies
What is five?
Confederate general, was defeated at Gettysburg
Who is Robert E. Lee?
federal agency provided food, education, and legal help to formerly enslaved people
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
used popular sovereignty to determine the status of slavery in two new territories, effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise.
What is the Kansas Nebraska Act?
dispute with Britain over this region sloganized as “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!” resulted instead in a peaceful compromise
What is the Oregon territory?
Union strategy involved blockading Southern ports and capturing key rivers to split the Confederacy and restrict its resources
What is the Anaconda Plan?
favored by Congress, sought to punish the South and guarantee civil and political rights for freedmen
What is Radical Reconstruction?
senator from Massachusetts was a leading voice against slavery in Congress and was famously caned on the Senate floor in 1856
Who is Charles Sumner?
granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born or naturalized in the United States
What is the 14th amendment?
1877 political agreement ended federal enforcement of Reconstruction
What is Compromise of 1877?
treaty ended the Mexican-American War
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
weakened Confederate resources and morale while demonstrated how military tactics influenced the war’s political and social outcomes
What is total war? *will also accept Sherman's March to the Sea
enforced in the South during and after Reconstruction, restricted African Americans’ voting rights through poll taxes, literacy tests, and other measures
What are Jim Crow laws?
Illinois politician debated Abraham Lincoln in 1858 over slavery in the territories
Who is Stephen Douglas?
Reconstruction amendment aimed to secure voting rights for African American men but was undermined by literacy tests, poll taxes, and violence
What is the 15th amendment?
proposal attempted to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific to prevent Southern secession, but it failed
What is the Crittenden Compromise?
Congressional proposal attempted to ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
April 1862 battle in Tennessee was one of the war’s early conflicts, shocking both the North and South with high casualties and demonstrating that the Civil War would be long and brutal
What is the Battle of Shiloh?
law required the president to obtain Senate approval before removing certain federal officials, and its violation led to impeachment proceedings
What is the Tenure of Office Act?
outspoken abolitionist published The Liberator and helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society, advocating immediate emancipation
Who is William Lloyd Garrison?
1866 law, passed over President Johnson’s veto, defined U.S. citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by federal law
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1866?