Industrial Empires
Which of the following companies was Andrew Carnegie associated with?
a.) Standard Oil
b.) U.S. Steel
c.) AT&T
d.) Sears
b.) U.S. Steel
The Homestead Strike of 1892 occurred at a factory owned by which industrialist?
A. John D. Rockefeller
B. J.P. Morgan
C. Cornelius Vanderbilt
D. Andrew Carnegie
D. Andrew Carnegie
Which factor most directly contributed to the rapid growth of American cities in the late nineteenth century?
A. Declining birthrates in rural areas
B. Increased immigration and industrial job opportunities
C. Federal government subsidies for urban housing
D. The expansion of public education
B. Increased immigration and industrial job opportunities
Conflicts between Native Americans and the federal government in the late nineteenth century were most directly caused by
A. Native resistance to industrial labor
B. western settlers’ demand for land and resources
C. Native American alliances with foreign powers
D. declining agricultural productivity in the East
B. western settlers’ demand for land and resources
The belief that the United States had a special mission to expand over the entire North American continent was known as
a. divine providence.
b. Manifest Destiny.
c. nullification.
d. American exceptionalism.
b. Manifest Destiny.
Which of the following business practices, famously employed by Andrew Carnegie, involved a company controlling every stage of the industrial process?
A. Interlocking directorates
B. Horizontal integration
C. Vertical integration
D. Laissez-faire capitalism
B. Horizontal integration
The primary purpose of the 'blacklist' used by Gilded Age industrialists was to:
A. Track the production levels of individual workers to determine bonuses.
B. Organize workers into different ethnic groups to prevent them from communicating.
C. Prevent union organizers and 'troublemakers' from finding employment in the industry.
D. Identify children who were working illegally in violation of state laws.
C. Prevent union organizers and 'troublemakers' from finding employment in the industry.
Which problem faced by urban residents in the late nineteenth century most directly led to calls for housing reform?
A. High property taxes
B. Overcrowded tenements with poor sanitation
C. Limited access to public transportation
D. A shortage of factory jobs
B. Overcrowded tenements with poor sanitation
Government support for railroad construction during Period 6 is most reflected by
A. The Homestead Act of 1862
B. The distribution of land grants
C. The destruction of the buffalo
D. The development of the reservation system
B. The distribution of land grants
Which system employed by the Spanish advanced the goals of both converting American Indians to Christianity and exploiting their labor?
a. Socialism
b. Encomienda
c. Mercantilism
d. Capitalism
b. Encomienda
John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust was most frequently criticized for using which method?
A. Vertical integration
B. Sit Down Strikes
C. Collective bargaining
D. Horizontal integration
D. Horizontal integration
What was a major reason for the increased use of child labor in Gilded Age factories and mines?
A. Low wages for adult workers forced families to rely on children for survival.
B. Labor unions encouraged child labor to lower the average age of their membership.
C. Factories were redesigned to be operated only by people under five feet tall.
D. New federal laws required children to gain 'vocational experience' before age 16.
A. Low wages for adult workers forced families to rely on children for survival.
How did the Social Gospel movement respond to the challenges created by urbanization?
A. By opposing immigration to cities
B. By promoting religious justification for wealth accumulation
C. By encouraging churches to address poverty and inequality
D. By supporting segregation in urban neighborhoods
C. By encouraging churches to address poverty and inequality
The decline of Native American autonomy in the West during the late nineteenth century is best explained by
A. the voluntary assimilation of tribal nations
B. military defeat and forced relocation policies
C. judicial protection of tribal sovereignty
D. economic partnerships with settlers
B. military defeat and forced relocation policies
Which Old World crop introduced by the Spanish most dramatically increased demand for African slaves in the Caribbean?
a. Sugar
b. Wheat
c. Rice
d. Indigo
a. Sugar
Which of the following best describes the philosophy of Social Darwinism?
A. Concentration of wealth in the hands of the 'fit' was a natural and beneficial process.
B. Biblical principles should guide the relationship between employer and employee.
C. Government regulation was necessary to ensure fair competition among species of business.
D. The working class was destined to overthrow the industrial elite through revolution.
A. Concentration of wealth in the hands of the 'fit' was a natural and beneficial process.
The Haymarket Square Strike of 1886 was a turning point in labor history because it:
A. Resulted in the first federal law protecting the right of workers to strike.
B. Convinced the American Federation of Labor to merge with the Knights of Labor.
C. Forced the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company to grant an 8-hour workday.
D. Led to a public association of unions with radicalism and violence, causing the decline of the Knights of Labor.
D. Led to a public association of unions with radicalism and violence, causing the decline of the Knights of Labor.
The Social Gospel movement most directly challenged which dominant ideology of the Gilded Age?
A. Mercantilism
B. Laissez-faire capitalism
C. Popular sovereignty
D. Nativism
D. Nativism
The Carlisle Indian Industrial School in the late nineteenth century represents a federal effort to
A. support Native American sovereignty in western territories
B. assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American culture through education
C. provide legal protections for tribal land ownership
D. encourage the development of independent Native American enterprises
B. assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American culture through education
Which of the following early American political parties most vocally championed the “common man,” welcomed immigrants, and benefitted from the expansion of voting rights to most white males?
a. The Federalists
b. The Populists
c. The Whigs
d. The Democrats
d. The Democrats
The development of the Bessemer process was significant because it:
A. Simplified the process of refining crude oil into kerosene.
B. Eliminated the need for coal in industrial manufacturing.
C. Introduced the first successful internal combustion engine.
D. Allowed for the mass production of high-quality steel at a lower cost.
D. Allowed for the mass production of high-quality steel at a lower cost.
Which of the following best describes the 'National Labor Union' (NLU), formed in 1866?
A. An organization that focused strictly on the needs of female domestic servants.
B. A government-sponsored agency designed to settle disputes between bosses and workers.
C. The first attempt to organize all workers in all states—both skilled and unskilled.
D. A radical organization that exclusively recruited Chinese immigrants.
C. The first attempt to organize all workers in all states—both skilled and unskilled.
Reform efforts rooted in the belief that Christian theology should address systemic causes of poverty in New York City neighborhoods such as Hell’s Kitchen during the late nineteenth century most directly reflect the ideas of
A. Jane Addams
B. Walter Rauschenbusch
C. Dwight L. Moody
D. William Graham Sumner
B. Walter Rauschenbusch
Which 19th-century government action aimed to break up Indian lands and force assimilation in order to end tribal identities?
a. Morrill Act of 1862
b. The Granger laws
c. The Dawes Act
d. The Homestead Act
c. The Dawes Act
Which of the following exposed the inability of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation to put down civil unrest and prompted calls for a new, stronger central government?
a. The Stono Rebellion
b. The Whiskey Rebellion
c. Shays’ Rebellion
d. The Regulator uprisings
c. Shays’ Rebellion