Atomic Structure
This number equals the number of protons in an atom and, for a neutral atom, the number of electrons
What is the atomic number?
An atom that gains electrons and becomes negatively charged is called this.
What is an anion?
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called these (also “families”).
Answer: What are groups?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called these.
What are isotopes?
Carbon-14 has 6 protons. How many neutrons does it have?
What is 8? (14 − 6 = 8)
The particle with no electrical charge that’s found in the nucleus.
What is a neutron?
Use this formula to compute an ion’s net charge.
What is Charge = protons − electrons?
Elements in the same group usually share this important feature that controls bonding and reactivity.
What are valence electrons?
A(n) _______ is a charged atom formed when electrons are gained or lost.
What is an ion?
Element X: atomic number 12, mass number 24. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does a neutral X have?
What is 12 protons, 12 neutrons, 12 electrons?
The total number of protons plus neutrons in a particular isotope.
What is the mass number?
When sodium (Na) loses one electron it becomes this positively charged ion.
What is Na⁺?
Group 18 elements are commonly known by this name because they are very unreactive.
What are noble gases?
These electrons (in the outermost shell) are most involved in bonding.
What are valence electrons?
Give the electron distribution by shell for sulfur (Z = 16). (format: shell1, shell2, shell3)
What is 2, 8, 6?
This element has 3 protons (atomic number 3) and a common isotope with 4 neutrons.
What is lithium?
An ion with 10 protons and 8 electrons has this net charge.
What is +2?
All elements in the same period share this property about their electrons (it’s the number of ________).
What is the same principal energy level (same number of electron shells)?
This term describes how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a chemical bond.
What is electronegativity?
If an element has two isotopes: mass 10 (75%) and mass 11 (25%), the weighted average atomic mass is this number.
What is 10.25? (0.75×10 + 0.25×11 = 10.25)
An atom with 11 protons and 12 neutrons has this mass number.
What is 23?
When chlorine gains one electron it becomes this ion (symbol included).
What is Cl⁻?
This group of elements commonly forms +1 ions.
What is Group 1 (the alkali metals)?
Isotopes have different masses but usually don’t change chemical behavior — explain why in one phrase.
Because isotopes have the same number of protons and the same electron configuration (same valence electrons).
An atom with 4 protons and 2 electrons has this net charge and ion symbol.
What is +2 (a 2+ cation)?