Properties of Atoms & Subatomic Particles
Which part of the atom contains protons and neutrons?
Nucleus
What is the atomic number of Oxygen (O)?
8
How many periods are in the periodic table?
7
How many electrons can the p orbital hold?
6
Which group is known as the Alkali Metals?
Group 1
What particle has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus?
An electron
What particle orbits the nucleus?
Electron
What do elements in Group 17 have in common?
They are Halogens and have 7 valence electrons.
What is the Lewis structure for Carbon (C)?
C with 4 dots around it representing 4 valence electrons.
Which block on the periodic table contains the transition metals?
d-block
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral (no charge)
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is unique about the electron configuration of Noble Gases?
They have a complete valence shell, making them inert.
How many valence electrons does Nitrogen (N) have?
5
What defines transition metals in the periodic table?
Transition metals are the elements located in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table and are recognized by having d electrons
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called _____.
Isotopes
What do the numbers after the element name represent in isotopes (e.g., Carbon-12, Carbon-14)?
The mass number (protons + neutrons)
What are the Lanthanides and Actinides known as?
Inner transition metals or f-block elements.
What is the noble gas configuration for Sodium (Na)?
[Ne] 3s¹
What is the difference between transition metals and main group elements regarding electron configuration?
Transition metals have partially filled d-subshells, while main group elements fill s and p orbitals.
What is the significance of an element's atomic number?
The atomic number determines the identity of the element and its position on the periodic table.
What is the formula for calculating the atomic mass of an element with multiple isotopes?
Atomic mass = (isotope mass x abundance / 100)
What are the elements in the center of the periodic table (Groups 3-12) called?
Transition metals
Write the full electron configuration for Chromium (Cr).
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵
Explain why noble gases are inert.
Noble gases have full valence electron shells, making them stable.