Ionization Energy
An Ion
what is an atom with a positive or negative charge
define atomic radius
what is half the distance between two adjacent nuclei of atoms of the same element.
Define electronegativity
Electronegativity tells us how strongly an atom holds onto/attracts electrons to itself.
Metals form _______ and nonmetals form _________
what are Cations and anions
Name of the group of elements that have 1 valence electron with the exception of hydrogen
What are Alkali metals
What charge will a lithium ion have
Li1+
Define ionization energy
What is the energy required to remove one valence electron.
The direction the trend in atomic radius increases
what is Increases from top to bottom within a group, decreases from left to right within a period.
The direction the trend in electronegativity increases
what is decreases from top to bottom within a group, and it increases from left to right within a period.
This group gains electron the easiest, making them the group with the highest electron affinity
what are halogens
The name for elements with 2 valence electrons
What are Alkaline Earth metals
What charge will an oxygen ion have
O2-
The directions the trend of Ionization energy is increasing
What is decreasing from top to bottom within a group, increases from left to right within a period.
Name the largest element:
Mg, Al, Cl
Mg
Order the following elements in increasing electronegativity:
N, F, C, Be
Be, C, N, F
electron affinity _________ down a group because its valence electrons are further away
what is decreases
The name of the most stable group on the periodic table
what are Noble Gases
This groups is the most reactive among the metals
what are alkali metals
If it's easy to remove an electron, is ionization energy low, or high?
what is Low
Review: What is the electron configuration of Ca
1s22s22p63s2
The most electronegative element on the periodic table
what is Florine
Arrange the following elements in order of increasing electron affinity:
Al, S, Mg, Cl, F
Mg, Al, S, Cl, F
These elements are extremely toxic and have 7 valence electrons.
what are Halogens.
What are two elements that don't follow the octet rule?
what are Hydrogen and helium
Explain why we observe the periodic trends in ionization energy.
It decreases from top to bottom within a group because energy levels are added, which increases the distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus. The attracting forces become weaker.
It increases across a period, because nuclear charge increases without adding energy levels, so that increases the attraction for electrons and makes them harder to remove, which increases ionization energy.
Explain why we observe the periodic trends in atomic radius.
It increases from top to bottom within a group because energy levels are added, which increases the distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus.
It decreases across a period, because nuclear charge increases without adding energy levels, so that increases the attraction for electrons which pulls them in and makes the atom smaller.
Explain why we observe the periodic trends in electronegativity.
It decreases from top to bottom within a group because energy levels are added, which increases the distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus. The attraction becomes weaker so the atoms ability to attract electrons becomes weaker
It increases across a period, because nuclear charge increases without adding energy levels, so that increases the attraction for electrons, thus increasing electronegativity.
Halogens release or gain energy by adding and electron?
what is release (exothermic)
Why are noble gases chemically stable?
They have an octet.
Name the ion that is least likely to form:
Ca2+, Na+, Li2+
Li2+