What is the difference between a diameter and a radius anyway?
Which atom has a greater atomic radius, sodium or lithium?
sodium
Which atom has greater ionization energy, lithium or boron?
boron
How many valence electrons are in phosphorus?
5 valence electrons
Which element is more electronegative; Cl or F?
Flourine
What is the name of the second group on the periodic table?
alkaline earth metals
Which atom has a smaller atomic radius, strontium or magnesium?
magnesium
**Define ionization energy.
**The amount of energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom.
Draw an atom of iodine, showing the protons, rings around the nucleus, and valence electrons.
p = 53
rings = 5
Valence e- = 7
Define electronegativity.
The ability of an atom IN A BOND to pull on the electrons.
Describe metalloids.
Elements having properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Draw atoms of carbon and beryllium. Which atom is larger and why?
beryllium
Which atom has a lower ionization energy; potassium or lithium?
potassium
Which atom has 5 valence electrons and four rings around the nucleus?
Arsenic
**Which atom is more electronegative; Mg or Cl?
**Chlorine
Is selenium a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? How do you know?
It is a nonmetal, it is on the right side of the staircase.
**Which atom has a greater atomic radius, selenium or oxygen? Describe the reason why.
**selenium
There are four rings around the nucleus of selenium and only two rings around the nucleus of oxygen.
Arrange the following elements in order of increasing ionization energy; beryllium, magnesium, and strontium.
strontium, magnesium, and beryllium
This radioactive atom is in period 7 and has two valence electrons. Draw the atom and give its name.
Radium
Which element has the greatest electronegativity on the periodic table? What is its EN value?
fluorine - EN 4.0
**What is the most stable family on the periodic table? How many valence electrons do they have?
**the noble gases - He has 2, and all of the rest have 8.
Draw the structures of bromine and calcium. Explain which atom is smaller and why.
Bromine is smaller. Both atoms have four rings around the nucleus. Calcium has 2 valence electrons, bromine has 7 valence electrons. Since bromine has more valence electrons being pulled in by more protons, the atomic radius of bromine is smaller.
Draw the atoms of sodium and silicon. Which has higher ionization energy and why?
Both have three rings around the nucleus. Sodium has 1 valence electron, silicon has 4 valence electrons. Since silicon has more valence electrons, it has a smaller radius and the electrons are closer to the protons, therefore it has higher ionization energy (it is harder to remove an electron from silicon).
The most stable atom in period four has this many valence electrons. Give its name.
8 valence electrons - Krypton
Describe the periodic trend of electronegativity as we move down the periodic table (why) and as we move left to right across the periodic table (why).
Electronegativity decreases as we move down the periodic table and increases as we move left to right across the periodic table.
Name the four common main groups we need to know and give the number of valence electrons for each.
alkali metals - 1 ve
alkaline earth metals - 2 ve
halogens - 7 ve
noble gases - He 2 ve, all of the rest have 8ve