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a law passed in 1830, signed by President Andrew Jackson, which authorized the government to negotiate with Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to exchange their land for territory west of the river, essentially forcing them to relocate from their ancestral homelands, leading to events like the "Trail of Tears" where many tribes were forcibly removed from their land
What is the Indian Removal Act?
This legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time, so as not to upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation. It also outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude (Mason-Dixon) line
What is the Missouri Compromise?
A fort in SE South Carolina, guarding Charleston Harbour. Its capture by Confederate forces (1861) was the first action of the Civil War.
Fort Sumter
Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Vertical Integration
an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly.
Horizontal Integration
This doctrine's main tenets include:
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slave owners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States.
13th Amendment
Slavery becomes outlawed in Washington D.C., California is admitted as a free state, and Utah and New Mexico will determine whether slavery is allowed through popular sovereignty. Also, the Fugitive Slave Law is passed.
Compromise of 1850
After victory of Antietam Lincoln announces on the first of 1863 all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. AIM: injure confederacy, threaten its property, heighten its dread, hurt its morale.
Emancipation Proclamation
US federal law that prohibits certain business activities, including those that restrain trade, attempt to monopolize a market, or conspire to do so.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890
An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements.
Who were the Whigs?
Laws or "codes" passed in the southern states during Reconstruction that greatly limited the freedom of former slaves.
Black Codes
Supreme Court decision that stated three things: Blacks were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal courts; Because a slave is their master's property, they can be taken into any territory and held there in slavery; Congress had no power to ban slavery from the territories
Dred Scott Decision
organized in 1854 by antislavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free Soilers in response to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act; nominated John C. Frémont for president in 1856 and Abraham Lincoln in 1860
Republican Party
Group that called for nationalizing the railroads, telephones, and telegraph; income tax, loans for farmers, and free and unlimited coinage of silver.
Populists
a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
a slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia in 1831, where a small group of slaves violently rebelled against their enslavers, killing dozens of white people before being captured and executed
What is Nat Turner's Rebellion?
a law in 1854 that suspended the Missouri Compromise and left it to voters in Kansas and Nebraska to determine whether they would be slave or free states.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition.
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots
Dawes Act
a major political conflict during Andrew Jackson's presidency where South Carolina attempted to declare a federal law (the Tariff of 1828, considered unfair to the South) "null and void" within their state borders, arguing that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional
What is the Nullification Crisis?
an anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison in Boston, Massachusetts, during the antebellum period, which fiercely advocated for the immediate emancipation of all slaves and was considered one of the most prominent voices in the abolitionist movement
What is The Liberator?
1865, Congress created the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands; acted as an early welfare agency of sorts, providing food, shelter, and medical aid for those made destitute by the war, both blacks and homeless whites; led by General Oliver O. Howard
Freedmen's Bureau
an American politician most notable for being the political boss of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party's political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th-century New York City and State.
William "Boss" Tweed
1872, This was a fraudulent construction company created to take the profits of the Union Pacific Railroad. Using government funds for the railroad, the Union Pacific directors gave padded construction contracts to Congress members
Credit Mobilier