Social Structures
Passed in the late 19th century, these laws institutionalized racial segregation in the South under the doctrine of “separate but equal.”
What are Jim Crow laws?
This transportation innovation linked many regional economies and furthered Westward expansion
What is the railroad?
This president, elected in 1860, prompted the secession of Southern states and played a major role in the Civil War.
Who is Abraham Lincoln?
This 1857 Supreme Court decision declared that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
This economic theory, used to justify monopolies, said that natural competition would ensure the survival of the fittest businesses
What is Social Darwinism?
These laws passed by Southern states sought to limit the rights of freed African Americans and maintain white supremacy during early Reconstruction.
What are Black Codes?
This system in the post-Civil War South kept many African Americans economically dependent and tied to land they did not own.
What is sharecropping?
This act, passed after many labor conflicts and violence, granted free land to settlers who agreed to farm it. It ultimately led to the displacement of Native Americans and many land disputes.
What is the Homestead Act of 1962?
These laws, including literacy tests and poll taxes, were used in the South to circumvent the 15th Amendment and suppress Black voters.
What are Jim Crow laws?
This women’s rights activist co-founded the American Equal Rights Association in 1866, pushing for universal suffrage regardless of race or gender.
Who is Susan B. Anthony?
Unions started to arise during this time. This union, led by Samuel Gompers, was focused on skilled labor and issues like wages and hours.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
This president's lenient Reconstruction plan clashed with Congress and led to his impeachment in 1868.
Who is Andrew Johnson?
During the Civil War, this agency was created to assist formerly enslaved people with education, food, and employment.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
This process, famously used by Carnegie, streamlined all company processes and reduced manufacturing costs.
What is vertical integration?
This 1894 nationwide railroad strike was crushed by federal troops under President Cleveland, revealing the government’s siding with business.
What is the Pullman Strike?