Terminology and Legal Aspects
The study drugs/medicines and how they work including their action on a physiological system
Pharmacology & Physiology
What the body does to the drug over a period of time
Pharmacokinetics
The effect the drug has on the body including the effect of the drug on receptors and tissues and any side effects the drug may have
Pharmacodynamics
1. Hypnosis/Unconsciousness
2. Analgesia
3. Muscle relaxation
Triad of anaesthesia
Hypotension caused by two factors
1) Aortocaval compression 2) Sympathetic blockade
When a suitably trained and competent member of staff may administer drugs that an authorised prescriber has prescribed for an individual patient
Patient Specific Direction
How a drug moves from the point of administration in to the circulation
Absorption
Upon binding to a receptor, these drugs do not provoke a response.
Antagonist
1% strength =?
10 mg/ml (1 gram in 100 ml)
Common sympathomimetic drug that is a vasoconstrictor, often given as a prophylactic infusion
Phenylephrine
Drugs that have a therapeutic value but are highly addictive and may be subject to abuse and therefore must be stored in a locked cupboard
Schedule 2 controlled drugs: Strong opioids
This is highly dependent on lipid and water solubility as well as protein binding
Distribution
Drugs that activate receptors and produce a natural response within the body
Agonist
This patient population require an increase in dose for induction than adults, by 50% (+ specify the dose!)
2.25-3.75 mg/kg
Oxytocic drugs are given to induce which effect in the patient? Example?
Stimulation of uterine contraction +/- softening of the cervix: Oxytocin/Syntocinon
Upon entering the body, this systemic route of administration does not involve the digestive tract
Parenteral
The biochemical modification of substances rendering them active or inactive and easily excretable
Metabolism
The two types of adverse drug reactions
Type A & Type B
This intravenous anaesthetic, known for its rapid onset, works by directly enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA at the GABA-A receptor
Propofol
When the aim is to maintain SAP > 90% of baseline
After sympathetic blockade
The other systemic route which involves the digestive tract and its 3 sub categories
Enteral: 1) Oral. 2) Sublingual. 3) Rectal.
When a drug conjugated with glucuronic acid and bile salts, is separated by enzymes and gut bacteria, and is released back to the liver
Enterohepatic Recycling
Drugs which mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system such as increasing heart rate and raising blood pressure
Sympathomimetics
As the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, the effect of this chemical is dramatically amplified by leading to sedation and hypnosis.
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
Hierarchy of oxytocic drugs when used in theatre
Oxytocin/syntocinon
Ergometrine
Syntometrine
Carboprost/Hemabate
Misprostol