Anatomy
These blood vessels are supported by a high pressure system, bring freshly-oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues.
Arteries
The population with the largest lymph nodes.
Children
These vessels will enlarge with infection, malignancies, and immunologic diseases.
Capillary Refill lasting more than this long is indicative of hypovolemia, heart failure, shock, etc.
1-2 seconds
Raynaud Phenomenon
These blood vessels are supported by a low pressure system, bring deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart.
Veins
The population that is marked by profound vasodilation, resulting in a decreased blood pressure even with an increase in blood volume.
Pregnancy
Leg ulcers occur with this disease(s) within the peripheral vascular system
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) and Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
A pulse grade of "normal"
2+
The common site and cause of aneurysm.
Aorta, Atherosclerosis
The four functions of the spleen.
1) Destroy old red blood cells
2) Produce antibodies
3) Store red blood cells
4) Filter microorganisms from blood
Condition where blood vessels grow more rigid with age, which results in a heightened blood pressure.
Arteriosclerosis
The number of blocks walked or stairs climbed to produce pain.
Claudication Distance
This test is used to evaluate the adequacy of collateral circulation before cannulating the radial artery.
Modified Allen's Test
Ulcers associated with this type of vascular insufficiency are often beefy red, moist, irregular shaped, and may be surrounded by hemosiderin staining and brawny edema.
These are often seen on the medial malleolus and tibia.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
The three functions of the lymphatic system.
1) Conserve fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
2) Form a major part of the immune system
3) Absorb lipids from small intestine
Acute vascular condition especially common in older adults caused by prolonged immobilization (among other things)
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Temperature you should expect in extremities with PAD
Coolness
Brown discoloration that occurs with chronic venous stasis caused by red blood cell degredation
Hemosiderin Staining
Ulcers associated with this type of vascular insufficiency are often black, punched out shape (cookie cutter - none or little irregular shaping), and exist on body prominences.
Chronic Arterial Insufficiency
The three mechanisms in which veins bring blood back to the heart.
1) Skeletal muscles contract, "milking" blood back to the heart
2) Pressure gradient caused by inspiration where thoracic pressure decreases
3) Intraluminal valves which prevent backflow
Treatment often recommended to those who are heightened risk of DVT to decrease their risk.
Low-dose anticoagulant (e.g., Baby Aspirin)
These vessels are bulging and crooked, often seen as a cosmetic concern
Varicose Veins
Screening tool that is used to predict DVT
The Wells Score
A 52 year old female patient has one arm that is visibly much larger than the other (width-wise). After palpating the larger arm, you note that there in non-pitting edema. What do you suspect is the cause of this?
This patient likely had mastectomy on the side of the larger arm, blocking drainage of lymphatic fluid - causing it to accumulate.