Retroperitoneum
These “Super” glands lies on top of the kidneys and is not normally seen on adult patients during ultrasound.
Adrenal glands with Mostly hypoechoic structure surrounded by echogenic retroperitoneal fat are found in what age demographic
Adults (3+)
When scanning SAG sub-xiphoid this appears as a “bull’s-eye”
Gastroesophageal Junction
What are the two layers that make up the peritoneum
Visceral and parietal layers
Define Hematochezia
Blood in stool
Adrenal glands with a hypoechoic medulla and cortex are found in which age demographic
Children >1yr
Complete the sentence: the appendix varies in length from ___ to ___ inches
1-9
Name 3 parts of the stomach
fundus, body, pylorus
The sexiest hormones produced by the adrenal glands are called what?
This organ lies anterior and superior to the left kidney in the retroperitoneum
Adrenal glands with echogenic medulla and hypoechoic cortex are found in what age demographic
Children <1yr
Describe proper caliper placement for measuring the large intestine’s wall
From fluid to outer wall
What is the name of the space located across the anterior and posterior abdomen
Greater sac
Complete the sentence: you can complete ultrasound evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in either supine or ___ position.
Upright
The retroperitoneum is divided into these three spaces
Anterior pararenal space, perirenal space, posterior pararenal space
Lymph nodes echotexture and echogenicity would be
Homogeneous, mid-level gray echoes
list 4 indications for gastrointestinal tract evaluation
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, abnormal labs, pain and/or rebound tenderness over McBurney’s point
Small openings in the RLQ and LLQ that allows passage between the abdomen and pelvis are called
Inguinal spaces
This thin wall of connective tissues is made up of epithelial cells that line the abdominal wall and organs
Peritoneum
In addition to blood vessels these anatomical features reside in the posterior pararenal space
Give two indications associated with adrenal glands abnormalities
-Mass seen on other imaging modalities
-Abnormal labs
-Flank pain
-Palpable mass
List 3 indications used in assessing abdominal spaces
-Difficulty breathing or SOB
-Abdominal distention/bloating
-Trauma/internal bleeding
-Initial evaluation for para or thoracentesis
-Underlying disease such as Cirrhosis and CA
Communication between greater and lesser sac happens through
Foramen of Winslow/ Epicloic foramen
What are two major areas in the retroperitoneum that lymph nodes are located
-Para-aortic area
-Pericaval (IVC)
-Peripancreatic area
-Renal hilum
-Mesentery