Mom & Dad
This can negatively or positively impact the mom's uterus and placenta in supporting the baby's growth. At the same time, drugs and alcohol can negatively influence the genetic material of the ovum and sperm.
What is Nutrition?
This can cause irreversible damage to the fetus/baby, will limit oxygen delivery, slow cellular division, impair brain cells, and damage ovum and sperm.
What is alcohol?
Moms are at risk of this when nursing (breastfeeding) if they are not drinking water every time baby nurses.
What is dehydration?
** Moms need an additional 500 calories a day to make about 25oz a day- equates to 330 calories as the rest comes from reserved energy (fat cells).
Children and Teens are at risk of iron deficiency. This can increase or enhance the absorption of iron, while this can impair the absorption of iron increasing the risk of poor intellectual growth.
What is:
Vitamin C: enhance
Calcium: inhibit/impair
Due to a reduction in GI motility, the older population is at risk for constipation, and it is recommended that they increase their intake of this carbohydrate.
What is fiber?
**can also (dependent on chronic diseases) can increase fluid intake to help mitigate constipation & dehydration! (they may lose thirst sensation increasing risk of dehydration)
This is the primary cause of hunger in the U.S.
What is food poverty?
Causes of food poverty: monastery, alcohol, drugs, lack of awareness of food programs, mental illnesses....
This is the amount of food waste nationwide.
What is 40%?
These are complications that could arise if a mom's pre-pregnancy weight is considered obese (overweight).
What is a difficult labor?
What are infections/hemorrhage?
What is birth trauma?
What is a cesarean section?
What is a increased risk of poor health/death?
What is poor blood glucose control (gestational diabetes).
What is an increased risk of chronic disease?
***Can you identify complications if mom is considered underweight?***
These are visible birth defects that may occur as a result of FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome).
What is:
A small head
Small eyelid openings
Underdeveloped groove above the lip
thin upper lip
While formula and breastmilk can provide most nutrients, this vitamin may need to be supplemented for babies if their mothers are nursing.
What is vitamin D?
Homes built in 1978, old toys, and paint chips can increase this absorption in children and other populations.
What is lead?
Key Points:
*complications: delayed growth, neuro impairment, death
*Having a deficiency in iron, calcium, or zinc can further increase the risk of lead toxicity.
As the pancreas declines in function the beta cells produce less of this, increasing the risk of diabetes type II.
What is insulin?
This is a type of food insecurity demonstrated when the quantity or quality of food for a household is limited.
What is low food insecurity?
**Can you explain the difference between low and very low food insecurity?
This medical, nutritional therapy is used only after the person is medically stable.
What is ready-to-use-therapeutic food?
When medically unstable (SAM) may stabilize first with oral rehydration therapy to improve blood pressure and strength of heart.
While prenatal vitamins are important to foster healthy pregnancies, this vitamin is essential in preventing neural tube defect/spinal bifida/ anencephaly.
What is Folate (folic acid)?
This can lead to a baby being large for gestational age and pre-term labor, increase the risk for hypertension, and cause the baby to have physical and mental abnormalities.
What is gestational diabetes?
How is this diagnosed/tested for?
oral glucose tolerance test
At this age pureed foods can be introduced individually to complement formula/breastmilk, while this is the age that whole milk can be introduced.
Pureed foods 4-6 months
whole milk @ 1 year (or will increase the risk of GI bleed)
Daily double- When can honey be introduced?
Peanuts/nuts are the most common cause of this. In its severe form, it can lead to anaphylactic shock and may need treatment with an Epi-pen.
What is a food allergy?
Minor: rash/hives
Severe: anaphylactic shock due to immune response- release of IgE antibodies & histamine= swelling of the airway
The loss of teeth and mucus production can impair nutritional intake and result in these two complications.
What are chewing and swallowing difficulties?
An earthquake or tornado can destroy a community, resulting in displaced populations and limited access to nutrients. Those who go hungry experience this type of famine.
What is natural famine?
**Can you identify if the example is natural, political or social famine?
This is a resource provides vouchers for nutrition foods, education, and referrals to pregnant women and lactating women and their children.
What is WIC? (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)
**What is the difference between WIC and SNAP?
This vitamin is essential in supporting the growth of RBCs (red blood cells).
What is B12?
This may be identified during the 2nd half of pregnancy, can increase the risk of preeclampsia, and often resolves after pregnancy.
What is gestational hypertension?
Can you identify signs/symptoms of preeclampsia?
headache, dizziness, protein in the urine, high blood pressure, edema/swelling, increase of 1 pound per day...
These are key differences/concepts related to macronutrient needs in children as they grow.
Fats: increased AMDR 30-40%
Carbs: support neuro/brain development
Proteins: support physical growth/muscle growth
Teens are most often at risk for having low intake of these 3 vitamins/minerals.
What is iron, calcium, and vitamin D.
It is recommended that this population complete this amount of minutes per week of resistance, muscle strengthening, and aerobic exercises.
What is 150 minutes (2.5 hours) per week?
What is Iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc?
What deficiency increases the risk of cretinism/mental & intellectual disability?
What deficiency can increase the risk of premature blindness?
Cretinism: iron deficiency
Blindness: Vitamin A deficiency
These are food recovery strategies for food industries.
What is
reduce the amount of food waste
donate excess food to food banks, soup kitchen, and shelters
provide food scraps to farmers
provide fats for rendering, oil for fuel, food discards for animal feed or fertilizer production
compost grain, fruit, veggiesIncineration/landfills
These are strategies to mitigate nausea during pregnancy.
What is eating small frequent meals, avoiding strong smells, eating crackers.....
Can you identify strategies to mitigate constipation or heartburn?
These are instances that moms should avoid breastfeeding and supplement with formal.
What is:
Using drugs/alcohol
HIV (unless no safe alternative- then first 6 months)
Active TB infection
Vegans are at risk of not meeting their protein needs. These are strategies to support protein intake.
What is encourage soy products, legumes, seed butters....
This can help mitigate acne and pre-menstrual symptoms.
* can you identify other strategies to prevent acne or symptoms related to menstruation?
A diet high in trans/saturated fats can increase the risk of these musculoskeletal diseases/disorders.
What are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout?
Daily Double: What specific food items may increase the risk of gout?
meats, sweets, fats, alcohol (increase uric acid buildup)
This type of malnutrition occurs suddenly, and assessments would include small arm circumference, wasting/cachexia, saggy buttocks (marasmus), or can present with swelling/edema (Kwashiorkor).
What is severe acute malnutrition?
What are key indicators of chronic malnutrition- food deprivation over time?
Adults: thinness, kids growth stunting
What is
making a grocery list, not going to the store hungry and avoid impulse buying, center meals on Myplate, smaller quantities, cook large quantities and freeze, check for sale, try store brand, buy less red meat, or fat free.... (Table 15-5).