Permanent Waving
Hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the hair.
What are Chemical texture services
are the most common type of perm rod; they have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends.
What are concave rods
subsections of panels into which the hair is divided for perm wrapping
What are base sections
are compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
What are amino acids
hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod, like the stripes on a candy cane.
What is spiral perm wrap
Tough exterior layer of the hair.
What is the cuticle
a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped.
What is double-flat wrap
the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base
What is on base placement
strong chemical side bonds formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together.
What are disulfide bonds
is wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers
What is a croquignole wrap
The pH of the outer structure of hair
What is 4.5-5.5
are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area. This produces a uniform curl along the entire width of the strand
What are straight rods
refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally
What is base direction
also known as end bonds, are chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end to end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain.
What are end bonds
the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction.
What is piggy-back wrap
What is double-rod wrap
a two-step process whereby the hair undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then the hair undergoes a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.
What is permanent waving
uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.
What is bookend wrap
refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section
What is base placement
disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together.
What are side bonds
essentially a wet set on perm rods instead of rollers.
What is a perm wrap
represents the quantity of hydrogen ions; measures acidity and alkalinity of a substance
What is pH
are usually about 12-inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod.
What are soft bender rods
refers to wrapping the hair at 45 degrees below the center of the base section
What is off-base placement
relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges (ionic bonds);
What are salt bonds
the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section
What is half off base