The first machine capable of producing permanent wave was invented in what year?
What is 1905
100
Today, alkaline waves process in how long?
What is 15 to 30 minutes
100
What are the two types of perm rods?
What is concave and straight
100
How long do you rinse for after the waving lotion processes?
What is manufactures directions
100
To achieve maximum volume, which tool position should be used?
What is on base
200
The inventor of the first permanent waving machine was?
What is Charles Nessler
200
What type of waves use thioglycolic acid or its derivatives with ammonia and process the hair without heat?
What is cold wave
200
What are the three end paper techniques? and explain
What is book end, double flat, and cushion
200
Why is it necessary to use caution and skill to prevent damage to hair structure or chemical burns to the skin?
What is high alkalinity
200
What is the pH of an alkaline and acid wave?
What is alkaline 8.0-9.5 acid 6.9-7.2
300
Wigmakers achieved permanent waves in hairpieces by wrapping hair on rods and boiling them in what solution?
What is hot alkalis
300
Heat waves that are self timed and self heated are called?
What is exothermic
300
What is the difference between croquignole and spiral wrapping?
What is croquignole is overlapping; wrapped from the ends up to scalp and must overlap tool 2.5 times/ Spiral is base to ends or ends to base, it is not overlapping and tool is held vertically
300
What are the 7 steps of the chemical stage?
What is apply perm solution, test curl, rinsing, blotting, neutralizer, removes rods, rinse
300
What are the advantages of alkaline perms?
What is strong curl patter, faster processing time, better for resistant hair and no heat
400
What method of wrapping hair became popular in 1926?
What is croquignole
400
Acid waves that require the application of heat are?
What is endothermic
400
What are the three custom wrapping patterns?
What is partial, perimeter and piggyback
400
What are the 2 functions of the neutralizer?
What is restores and rebonds the disulfide bond and reduces swelling and rehardens the bonds in the new space
400
What are the advantages of acid perms?
What is soft, natural curl pattern, more control, gentler on hair, better on fragile or colored hair
500
What led to the name of the 'overnight wave'?
What is a heatless technique, where the perm was wrapped, and the client was then sent home and returned in the morning to finish the style
500
How do you speed up processing time with heat waves?
What is a plastic bag on clients head and placing under a pre-heated dryer.
500
On-base tool position is not recommended for alkaline perms because?
What is too much tension that will cause breakage
500
What is the purpose of waving lotion?
What is softens the protein structure and allows the disulfide bonds to shift, assuming the shape of the rod
500
What can form a residue on the hair that interferes with the chemical action of a perm?