Perm Process
The breaking
of the disulfide bond is also known as _________
What is Reduction
A chemical solution that stops the waving process; it rebuilds the bonds into their new form
What is a neutralizer?
_________ _______ _______ determines the required processing time and ensures that the desired curl has been achieved
What is a preliminary test curl?
The other name for alkaline waves
What is Cold Waves
The technical term for the study of hair
What is Trichology
____ ____ ____ are used to help eliminate curl, frizz and
improve the hair’s manageability.
What are Keratin Smoothing Treatments
Rods that have a small diameter in the center with a larger diameter increase throughout the remaining length of the tool.
What are concave rods?
The barrier applied around the hairline and ears to protect the skin from permanent wave lotions
What is protective cream?
Prior to applying permanent waving lotion, be sure to apply a protective cream and ________ to your Guest
what is cotton
The complete neutralizing process is called ______ _________
What is Thio Neutralization?
A perm rod is unwrapped one and a half times to allow an __ shape formation to appear
What is an "S" shape?
The pH of alkaline waves.
What is 8.5 to 9.5?
The capability of the hair strand to stretch and return to its previous form without breaking
What is Elasticity
These Bonds are responsible for the hair’s strength and elasticity.
What is side bonds or cross bonds
Rods that have an even diameter width throughout the entire rod length, producing uniform curl or wave throughout a subsection of hair.
What are straight rods?
An allergic reaction caused by repeated exposure to a chemical or substance.
A ______ is a chemical solution that stops the waving process
What is Neutralizer
The pH range for neutralizers.
What is 3.0 - 7.0?
__________ _______hair is when the permanent wave lotion remains on the hair beyond the recommended processing time.
What is Over processed
The main ingredient of an alkaline wave
What is thioglycolic acid
The oxidation of primary __________ creates aldehyde
What is alcohols
_________ ________ are weak, physical side bonds that are easily broken by water or heat.
Rods that are also known as Flexible Rods, are foam covered rods that are easily bent into different shapes.
What are bender rods?
These are optional items used to maintain balance and eliminate pressure by lifting the bands off the hair.
What are perm picks?
What procedure would you do to to determine if more time is needed for the curl
What is a processing strand test?
The main ingredient for neutralizer
What is hydrogen peroxide or sodium bromate?
The main ingredient in an alkaline wave is __________ ______________
What is Thioglycolic Acid
The combination of ammonia and thioglycolic acid that creates a reducing agent used in permanent waves and relaxers.
What is Ammonium Thioglycolate (ATG)
Waves processed by the application of a heat source like a hood dryer or heat processor
What are endothermic waves?
_____ _____ bonds that can only be broken by
chemical solutions.
What are Disulfide Bonds
Rods that are also known as Circular Rods, are long, plastic rods that are used to create spiral curls.
What are loop rods?
This method of wrapping was introduced in 1924 and is still used today
What is a croquignole wrap?
Be sure to read the __________ ___________ prior to permanent waving process
What is manufacturer directions
The chemical process of neutralizing any remaining permanent wave lotion in the hair after processing and rinsing
What is oxidation?
The result when the permanent wave lotion does not remain on the hair long enough to produce the desired curl pattern.
What is underprocessed hair?
The type of hair alkaline waves are best used on
What is hair that is classified as resistant.
These waves are considered self heating therefore an outside heat source is not needed
What are exothermic waves?
________ is the soft, elastic, thick, inner layer of the hair made up of elongated cells
What is cortex
Rods that are pliable foam rods that allow hair to chemically altered, resulting in a soft-end result
What are sponge rods?
This method of wrapping hair will create a coiling, springing effect of the hair.
What is a spiral wrap?