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What is the phalanx?
Battle formation used by the Greeks
Tightly next to each other, shields overlapping, spears pointing forward
Used in the battle of Marathon and the battle of Thermopolyae
Who was the messenger who ran to Sparta and back to Marathon and why is he remembered?
Pheidippides ran about 26 miles to Athens to announced victory.
He is remembered because of his hard work and how he collapsed right after he announced the victory.
The Marathon today is in honor of him.
What were the three battles in the Persian war?
The Battle of Marathon
The Battle of Thermopolyae
The Battle of Salamis
What is the geography of Persia?
Empire on the east
Modern day Iran
Has mountains, deserts, fertile valleys
What was Themistocles' strategy at the Battle of Salamis?
Trick Persia into sailing into the narrow Strait of Salamis
This caused their fleet to become disorganized and crowded
What are the flanks
The flanks are soldiers who ran along the sides of Persia surrounding them and cutting them off in the battle of Marathon
What risky steps did Miltiades take?
He thinned the phalanx line so it could stretch as wide as the Persian line
He ordered his men to run across the field to avoid the Persian arrows
He placed his strongest soldiers on the sides instead of the center, hoping to surround the Persians before his middle collapsed
What battles did Greece win? Which battles did Persia win?
Greece won the Battle of Marathon
Persia won the Battle of Thermopolyae
Greece won the Battle of Salamis
What was the religion of Persia and what were its beliefs?
Zoroastrianism
It taught that the world was a battle between good and evil, light and darkness
Expected to choose to do right and protect truth
Who are the hoplites?
soldiers who fought shoulder to shoulder in lines, shields overlapping and spears pointing forward
What did the Oracle say at Delphi?
Only wooden walls would save Greece
Why did the Persians demand earth and water and what does this mean?
They wanted to conquer Greece
This is a symbol of surrender
What did the servant whisper in Xerxes ear?
Remember the Athens at every dinner to keep his anger alive
Who were the rulers of Persia? What did they do?
Medes first ruled over Persian empire
Cyrus the Great first Great king of Persia expanded Persia 3 continents
Cambyses added Egypt
Darius I expanded even farther, improved roads, empire provinces, built Royal Road wanted to conquer Greece
Xerxes son of Darius I
What does Thermopolyae have that made it hard for the Persians to enter and exit?
Because the passage through which the Persians could come was very narrow
Why does Darius I want to conquer Greece
Because of the Ionian Revolt
Athens burning Sardis
During the Battle of Marathon how did Greece win?
They won because of the risks Miltiades took and the flanks strategy with the strongest soldiers on the sides.
Phalanx
What strategy did the Greeks use to block off the Persians in the Battle of Thermopolyae?
They used wooden walls as the oracle said
What were the triremes and how were they used in the Battle of Salamis
Ships which were propelled by rows of men on three different levels, with a bronze ram attached to the front of it, right at the water line
Used to slam into eachother and cause the other ship to swamp
coming in from the side and snapping off the oars
What were the Persian war tactics in the Battle of Marathon and Thermopolyae? Why were the Greeks honored after they lost in the Battle of Thermopolyae?
Marathon-Greeks had heavy armor, and flanks and phalanx
Marathon-Persians had a huge middle line, and had ships sent over the Athens
Thermopolyae-Greeks sent Persia through a narrow path so they can't spread out
Thermopolyae-Persia had Ephialtes show them a path to surround Greece
Honored for their sacrifices
What did the Athenians and Spartans do too the Persian envoys?
Athens pushed them into a pit
Sparta threw them into a well
Who is Xerxes? What did he do at the Battle of Theromoplyae?
The leader of Persia in the battle of Thermopolyae
Dariuses I son
He led Persia to victory
Who was the Greek traitor during the Battle of Thermpolyae? Why did he do it?
Ephialtes
He did it to get money
Why are the Greeks better sailors than the Persians?
They are more experienced sailors, and it took great skill to captain a trireme which Greece had that skill
Series of islands along the Mediterranean Sea
What were the Persian war tactics in the battle of Salamis?
Greek-tricking Persia into sailing into the narrow Strait of Salamis
Persia-Have more people on their triremes and have bigger ones