Learning and Behavior
is a lasting change in the way a person (or animal) responds, based on experience.
What is Learning?
two things may become connected if they resemble each other in some way.
What is the law of similarity?
is the process of learning to act on the environment to produce a consequence .
What is Operant Conditioning?
is a determination of when a behavior will be reinforced.
What is a schedule of reinforcement?
Getting fired from your job because you show up late to work.
(PP,NP,PR,NR)?????????????
Negative Punishment
Automatic behaviors resulting from some kind of stimulus
What are reflexes?
states that two events can become connected if they happen close together.
What is the law or continuity?
which states an animal’s chance of repeating a behavior depends on the behaviors consequence.
What is the law of effect?
occurs when the behavior is reinforced in the same way, every time it happens.
What is Continuous reinforcement?
Receiving a hug from your parents after throwing a temper tantrum.
Positive Reinforcement
are complex patterns of behavior determined by genetics
What are instincts?
was one of the first types of learning to be studied, and it is also referred to as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning.
What is classical conditioning?
Experiment where the floor of the box had an electrified grid and a lever that would release pellets of food when it was pressed.
What was Skinners box?
when an animal receives reinforcement after a specified number of responses.
What is a fixed ratio?
Embarrassing a student for giving a wrong answer.
Positive Punishment
the decreased response to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
What is habituation?
An unethical experiment done on a baby that could not give consent. Used a rat and loud noises.
What is the baby Albert (Alfert) experiment?
is a consequence that makes the behavior happen more frequently
What is reinforcement?
is another form of social learning where the teaching of concepts and skills happens through verbal explanation or instruction.
What is Tutelage?
a surprising example of what animals can learn.
What is the wolf and sheep experiment?
proposed laws of association to describe learning.
Who was Aristotle?
is a consequence that makes the behavior happen less frequently.
What is Punishment?
happens when an individual learns the consequences of a behavior by watching what happens to others who do it.
What is vicarious conditioning?