Resistance Training
Aerobic Training
Nutrition
Psychology & Motivation
Consultation & Appraisal
100

What is the difference between an acute response and a chronic adaptation?

Acute = short-term change during/after exercise; Chronic = long-term adaptation

100

Which cardiovascular measure increases the most with chronic aerobic training?

VO₂max.

100

How many calories are in one pound of body weight?

3,500 calories.

100

What does SMART stand for in goal setting?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.

100

What is the purpose of the client consultation?

To gather health history, goals, and readiness for exercise.

200

Early strength gains are mostly due to what type of adaptation?

Neurological adaptations (motor unit recruitment, firing rate).

200

What does VO₂max stand for?

Maximal oxygen uptake.

200

What does g/kg/day mean?

Grams of nutrient per kilogram of body weight per day.

200

Which type of motivation is best for long-term adherence: intrinsic or extrinsic?

Intrinsic.

200

Name one health appraisal form or tool trainers may use.

PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire), health questionnaire, or informed consent.

300

What is hypertrophy?

Increase in muscle fiber size.

300

What is the lactate threshold?

The point at which lactate accumulates in the blood.

300

What is the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for protein in sedentary adults?

0.8 g/kg/day.

300

What is self-efficacy?

Belief in one’s ability to succeed in a specific situation.

300

What are “positive coronary risk factors”?

Risk factors that increase chance of cardiovascular disease (e.g., smoking, hypertension, obesity).

400

Name one hormone that plays a key role in muscle growth.

Testosterone, growth hormone, or IGF-1.

400

Name one respiratory adaptation that happens with endurance training.

Increased tidal volume or improved oxygen extraction.

400

What is the main fuel source for high-intensity exercise?

Carbohydrates.

400

Give an example of a process goal.

Example: “Attend the gym 3 times this week.”

400

Why is informed consent important in personal training?

Protects both trainer and client, ensures understanding of risks.

500

What are two common signs of overtraining?

Fatigue, decreased performance, irritability, poor sleep.

500

How does aerobic training improve body composition?

Increases fat metabolism and reduces body fat.

500

What does the acronym RDA stand for?

Recommended Dietary Allowance.

500

Name one stage from the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change.

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, or Maintenance.

500

When should a trainer refer a client to a healthcare professional?

If they have contraindications, symptoms or positive risk factors.

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