Lifespan Development (Roberts 2006)
What trait domain shows a curvilinear pattern, rising in early adulthood then declining after age 60?
A. Conscientiousness B. Openness C. Agreeableness D. Social Dominance
Which trait showed the largest average effect size (d ≈ 0.57) across the 207 intervention studies?
A. Extraversion B. Agreeableness C. Emotional Stability D. Openness
Which modeling technique did the authors use to estimate simultaneous change in personality traits and interests?
A. Cross‑lagged panel model • B. Latent growth‑curve modeling • C. Hierarchical linear modeling • D. SEM (no growth)
Which Big‑5 personality trait is characterized by sociability, assertiveness, and a tendency to seek out interpersonal interaction?
Extraversion
Which age period exhibited the greatest aggregate personality change across the six trait domains?
A. Adolescence (12‑18) B. Young adulthood (20‑40) C. Middle age (40‑60) D. Old age (60 +)
According to the meta‑analysis, after how many weeks does extending a treatment generally stop producing additional trait change?
A. 4 weeks • B. 8 weeks • C. 12 weeks • D. 24 weeks
Which specific trait–interest pair displayed the strongest positive correlated change?
A. Extraversion and Social interests • B. Openness and Artistic interests • C. Conscientiousness and Investigative interests • D. Agreeableness and Realistic interests
Which Big‑5 trait reflects a predisposition toward being organized, reliable, disciplined, and goal‑oriented?
Conscientiousness
Which Extraversion facet declines in early adulthood and again in old age?
A. Social Dominance B. Social Vitality C. Assertiveness D. Enthusiasm
Which statement best reflects the authors’ conclusion about therapy type and trait change?
A. CBT produces significantly larger changes than supportive therapy. • B. All therapy types produce identical changes (Dodo Bird effect). • C. No single therapy type stands out; effect sizes are broadly comparable. • D. Pharmacological treatments show the greatest trait change.
What was the overall pattern of mean‑level change for RIASEC interests across the 8‑year span?
A. Large systematic increases in all six interest types • B. Large systematic decreases in all six interest types • C. Minimal mean‑level change; interests remained largely stable • D. Sharp increase in Social interests and sharp decrease in Artistic interests
Which Big‑5 dimension captures a person’s calmness, emotional resilience, and low tendency toward anxiety or mood swings?
Emotional Stability