BEHAVIORAL VIEW
The type of reinforcement at play when you buy a child a video game after she receives straight “A” grades.
What is POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT?
A precursor to depression - a tendency to play things over in our head and get stuck in a mental loop.
What is RUMINATION?
A phenomenon in which interdependent individuals influence and “sculpt” each other.
What is the MICHELANGELO PHENOMENON?
A type of culture that gives priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defines ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
What is an INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURE?
The personality disorder of someone who loves attention, has a delusional sense of grandiosity and self importance, exhibits self-promoting behaviors, and shows a lack of empathy.
What is NARCISSISTIC personality disorder?
The type of neurons that fire when we perform a task and ALSO when we watch another person perform the same task.
What are MIRROR neurons?
The type of therapy founded by Carl Rogers and practiced by other humanists such as Abraham Maslow, in which the therapist is empathetic, actively listens and provides reflective statements.
What is CLIENT-CENTERED therapy?
An individual’s belief that he or she can successfully execute the behaviors required by a particular situation.
What is SELF-EFFICACY?
A belief that certain attributes are characteristic of members of a particular group (e.g., "New Yorkers are rude").
What is a STEREOTYPE?
The personality disorder of a person who displays a long-standing pattern of suspiciousness and lack of trust in others.
What is PARANOID personality disorder?
The schedule of reinforcement in which learning occurs in the SHORTEST amount of time.
What is CONTINUOUS reinforcement?
According to humanists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, fulfilling oneself and realizing one’s full potential based on one’s unique capacities.
What is SELF-ACTUALIZATION?
When expectations created about others shape how one interacts with a person, which in turn causes that person to act in the way that was initially expected.
What is a SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY?
A hormone released in the hypothalamus that promotes commitment in long-term relationships (pair bonding) and fosters trust.
What is OXYTOCIN?
Unfair treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group (e.g., only choosing boys to be on your volleyball team in a co-ed gym class).
What is DISCRIMINATION?
A phenomenon represented in Albert Bandura’s work in which children who witnessed aggressive behavior by adults were likely to imitate the aggressive behavior later on.
What is MODELING?
According to E. Tory Higgins, a self discrepancy that comes about when who we are doesn't align with who we think we SHOULD be.
What is an ACTUAL-OUGHT self-discrepancy?
A process through which you bring your experiences with someone in your life (e.g., an ex boyfriend or girlfriend, your mom, your brother, etc.) into a new relationship dynamic with a different person.
What is TRANSFERENCE?
The area of the brain that might have some kind of damage in individuals who are predisposed to aggression and violence and who lack impulse control.
What is the PREFRONTAL CORTEX?
A therapeutic procedure, used to treat addictions and fetishes, in which patients are given nausea-inducing drugs while engaging in their addiction, to form an association between their addiction and the illness.
What is AVERSION THERAPY?
A psychological phenomenon in which people begin to devalue an activity when some kind of external reward is introduced.
What is the OVERJUSTIFICATION EFFECT?
According to E. Tory Higgins, the type of FOCUS we develop when who we actually are doesn't align with who we think we SHOULD be.
What is a PREVENTION focus?
The concepts of the self that a person can access easily (i.e., what's activated about the self right now).
What is the WORKING SELF-CONCEPT?
An adaptive way to regulate negative emotions in which an individual views a situation as a dispassionate observer/interprets a situation from a psychologically removed perspective.
What is COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL?
A therapeutic procedure used to treat anxiety and phobias, in which a patient makes a hierarchy of fear-evoking situations, learns relaxation techniques, and then imagines the least fearful to most fearful situations while relaxed.
What is SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION?