Psychodynamic
Freud said this part of the mind is irrational, primitive, and operates on instant gratification.
Id
This framework of human growth organizes needs from basic survival to self-fulfillment, showing how people move toward reaching their full potential.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
This term refers to a person’s overall emotional evaluation of their own worth.
self-esteem
This Big Five trait is characterized by imagination, curiosity, and willingness to try new experiences.
openness to experience
When a stressed person reverts to earlier behaviors, they are using this defense mechanism.
regression
This part of the mind contains thoughts and feelings that can be easily accessed but are not currently conscious.
preconscious mind
This concept refers to accepting and loving someone as they are, without conditions or judgments.
unconditional positive regard
This is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed at specific tasks or challenges.
self-efficacy
This Big Five trait describes high levels of sociability, energy, and assertiveness.
extraversion
This Big Five dimension reflects warmth, kindness, empathy, and a cooperative nature.
agreeableness
This defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions from the original source to a safer target.
displacement
This term describes the innate drive to grow, develop, and realize one’s fullest potential.
self-actualization (or self-actualizing tendency)
An individual’s awareness and evaluation of themselves in relation to others is called this.
self-concept
Standardized questionnaires used to assess individual personality characteristics are called this.
personality inventories
When a person channels unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities, they are using this defense mechanism.
sublimation
A person unconsciously blocking distressing thoughts from awareness is using this defense mechanism.
repression
This psychologist encouraged us to ask ourselves how we reach our full potential.
Abraham Maslow
This concept describes how a person’s behavior, thoughts, and environment all influence each other interactively.
reciprocal determinism
This statistical method identifies clusters of related items in personality research.
factor analysis
This Big Five trait reflects emotional stability, resilience, and calmness under stress.
neuroticism (or emotional stability)
The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of this type of assessment, which aims to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings.
projective tests
This psychologist emphasized that people are basically good and should strive to live up to their personal goals.
Carl Rogers
This psychologist’s theory emphasizes the interplay of cognition, behavior, and environment in shaping personality.
Albert Bandura
A person who is highly organized, disciplined, and goal-directed is showing this Big Five personality trait.
conscientiousness
This defense mechanism involves unconsciously acting in a way opposite to your true impulses.
reaction formation