A
Someone who is ________ is likely to express his or her personality consistently from one situation to the next.
low in self-monitoring
low in self-efficacy
high in self-monitoring
high in self-efficacy
What is low in self-monitoring
What are the two primary criteria for evaluating personality judgments?
What are interjudge agreement and behavioral prediction
Can you name at least two potential moderator of accuracy?
What are qualities of personality judges AND qualities of the target of the judgment AND the amount of information available to judges AND visibility of trait
According to the text, personality’s greatest strength, understanding whole persons, is also its greatest weakness. Which term describes this fundamental observation?
Funder’s First Law
What are the four types of data researchers can collect?
What is I, B, S, and L
Which of the following psychologists is often credited with starting the person-situation debate?
Gordon Allport
Walter Mischel
Sigmund Freud
Henry Murray
Who is Walter Mischel
What was one of the likely reasons that high-expectancy students performed better in Rosenthal and Jacobson's study?
Teachers were warmer to those students OR teachers provided more detailed and constructive feedback to these students OR teachers provided extra opportunities to these students.
Participants in a recent study were shown and then asked to judge composite faces from targets who scored extremely low or extremely high on personality dimensions. Which two traits had the highest levels of accuracy for both female and male targets?
What are extraversion and agreeableness
What kinds of behaviors by an acquaintance would MOST likely be remembered?
an atypical behavior that was emotionally evocative
only behaviors consistent with the acquaintance’s personality
the most recently observed typical behavior
behaviors that are observed every day
an atypical behavior that was emotionally evocative
What is the largest and most dominant approach in personality psychology today?
What is trait
The ________ perspective indicates that, under the right circumstances, everyone can be rich, popular, and successful.
interactionist
situationist
pro-personality
psychodynamic
What is situationist
A friend is revealing important information at a concert, but you fail to hear it. What stage of the RAM has failed?
What is detection
What is the description of the acquaintanceship effect?
What is the more information you have about someone, the more accurate your judgment of his or her personality.
Which of the following is an objective test?
The Five Factor Model/The Big 5
Rorschach inkblots
TAT
Picture Story Exercise
The Five Factor Model/The Big 5
Questions about reliability concern ________, whereas questions about validity concern ________.
What is consistency; accuracy.
How were all of the behavioral measurements in the studies reviewed in Mischel’s influential book collected?
from real-life observations
from self-reported narrative accounts
in laboratory settings
from peer-reported accounts
What is in laboratory settings.
What does recent research suggest about the validity of first impressions?
First impressions based on configural properties of faces may have some validity.
What are the steps in the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM) of personality judgment?
What are relevance/availability/detection/utilization
Which of the following behaviors would be the easiest to predict accurately?
Mary will smile at 10:00 A.M. tomorrow.
At a party on Friday, Susan will talk to at least 10 people.
David will generally be on time for work most days next week.
None of the answer options is correct; each of these behaviors would be equally easy to predict.
David will generally be on time for work most days next week.
The basis of the ________ method of test construction is to come up with items that seem directly, obviously, and logically related to what it is you wish to measure.
rational
philosophical
empirical
factor analytic
Who is rational
Judgments other people make of your personality are known as your
reputation.
realistic accuracy model signal.
self-concept.
identity.
What is reputation
Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?
openness to experience
extraversion
self-monitoring
conscientiousness
extraversion
Imagine that you are at a party, and your best friend introduces you to a guy named David. You and your friend talk to David for an hour, and you both notice the hostile comments that he repeatedly makes about his roommate. Later, you and your friend discuss your impressions of David, and you find that you disagree about him. Your friend thinks that David’s comments were just good-natured joking and that he is a nice guy and a pretty funny fellow. You think that his comments were mean-spirited and that he is a hostile person. Your disagreement arises because you and your friend differ in the ________ stage of the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM) of personality judgment.
What is utilization
What is one of personality psychology’s biggest advantages over other areas of psychology?
What is it appreciates the uniqueness of the individual.
What is the purpose of projection tests such as the Picture Story Exercise or the Thematic Apperception Test?
What is to measure individuals’ implicit motives