Fallacies (Mapes)
Claiming an argument is good because it is popular
What is the bandwagon fallacy?
When a speaker makes a claim, they have to provide evidence to back it up.
What is the Burden of Proof Rule?
A type of statement or claim that identifies a solution to correct a problem
What is a proposition of policy?
Generalizing something from too few legitimate examples
What is a hasty generalization?
The logic of a speaker's argument must be constructed from claims and evidence that "match up" or make unexpressed premises explicit
What is the Validity Rule?
The internal tension one feels when they encounter information that contradicts their beliefs
What is cognitive dissonance?
An attempt to invalidate an oppositional argument by attacking the arguer's character
What is the ad hominem fallacy?
Speakers must agree on what the opening argument or premise is before engaging in argumentation
What is the Starting Point Rule?
Community disputes that affect large communities of people
What is public controversy?
A false cause fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to a series of subsequent events that cannot be prevented
What is the slippery slope fallacy?
What is the Closure Rule?
The format for a persuasive speech that follows this five step sequence: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action
What is Monroe's Motivated Sequence?
Proposing only two options exist when, in fact, there are more than two viable options available
What is a false dilemma?
A speaker’s argument may not be valid or conclusive if the rhetorical strategy used to defend it is inappropriate for the topic at hand
What is the Argument Scheme Rule?
The process of discussing feasible choices for solving public concerns
What is deliberation?