Life
Other materials were used besides tule in the creation of basketry
What is Cattail
This animal-based material was used as a tool to decorate basketry
Porcupine quills
This type of home was used primarily by poorer families who could not build an earth lodge in the winter
Rounded lodges for winter use, over pits for the added warmth
Much of the clothing Spier notes is recent and from this era of change
The ghost dance/clothing is inspired or directly from Plains tribes
Men and women had different shaped hats; the men would have this feature where the women would not
What is a brim
This incredibly light arrow used to shoot waterfowl
A reed arrow
The hatchway in the winter roof of an earth lodge was closed using this object/material
Sticks & a mat, preferably swamp grass to keep the cold and snow out
Traditional clothing did not have much of this in the Klamath/Modoc area before contact
Ornamentation/decorations
Men also tended to have hats that were distinguished from the female hats with this feature as well
Women had designs and men did not. However, men’s hats would be painted at the end along with their brims.
This decorative feature was visible on most arrows
Feathering
These items were used as snow shovels in the winter
Canoe Paddles
Women’s hair was often braided and placed in different positions but was always parted in the middle; men used a different angle
Parting on the left but always long hair.
The way to carry a heavy load in a carrying basket was to affix the band in this location
The forehead for heavy loads and the chest for lighter ones
This weapon was considered one for women not men
The spear, usually made with a large obsidian blade
Time worked differently before contact, the Modoc and Klamath used this calendar instead
Months being counted for the fingers on the hands. 10 months in total which begin in August
These body modifications are popular in the modern day but were often seen in the Klamath/Modoc tribal members of the past
Facial piercings: nose rings/septum’s were often pierced as were ears. There is no religious purpose, only for adornment just as much as tattooing for both men and women. Women were the primary artists who did them. Designs varied greatly.