Chapter 1
___ are the root causes that creates health inequities
determinants
When we are deciding WHEN to do an intervention, and we choose to do it prior to the disease or condition, this is what level of implementation?
Primary
This type of public health surveillance data is done through case reports of one or a small number of cases
Single Cases
Joe believes that he is protected from lung cancer and plans to continue to smoke since no one in his family has ever developed lung cancer. Which phase of Stages of change model does this example illustrate?
Precontemplation
___ allows but does not require governments to act to protect public health or to provide health services
Negative Constitution
This approach focuses on everyone in the population, regardless of their risk of disease.
Improving the average approach
If I am tracking the change of developing a disease over time, am I looking at incidence or prevalence?
Incidence
This type of public health surveillance data is used to help identify adverse effects of drugs and vaccines as reported by those who were affected
Self Reporting
Cooking methods, food preferences, role of exercise, response to symptoms, accepted interventions are all examples of how ______ affects your health
Culture
____ allows states to pass legislations and take actions to protect the common good
Polic Power
____ is a broader concept of public health that stresses collaboration among traditional public health professions, healthcare devlivery professionals, and a range of other professions that affect health
Population Health
What does REAIM stand for?
Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintencance
____ measures the average number of years a person can expect to live in full health accounting for time spent with injury or illness
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy
The most difficult behaviors to change, such as opioid use and smoking, are those that have what kind of component?
Physical or physiological addiction
____ encourages private and public entities to work toward common goals to achieve improved health for all while reducing health inequities
Health In All Policies
According to BIG GEMS, these are actions that increase exposure to the factors that produce disease
Behaviors
This level of the PERIE approach is asking how well does the intervention work in practice and how well is the intervention accepted in practice?
Evaluation
Data on diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are collected in an emergency department, and data on purchase of over-the-counter medications to treat diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are monitored through pharmacy sales. What type of data is this?
Syndromic
If I am identifying risk factors, internal and external to the individual, where am I in the PRECEDE-PROCEDE Model?
Behavioral and Environmental Assessment
____ views healthcare as a social resource and belileves equal access to medical services is a basic right
Social Justice
2. Salt is gradually reduced in processed foods and in restaurant menus over the course of a decade to reduce blood pressure. This is an example of which of the following public health strategies for prevention of disease?
A) Improving the average risk
B) Narrowing the spread of the risk
C) Reducing the high risk
Improving the average risk
4. Death rates from motorcycle injuries have been reduced after passage of required helmet use laws as evidenced by death rates before and after passage of laws requiring helmet use. What component of the evidence-based public health approach best matches this example?
A) Problem description
B) Etiology
C) Recommendations
D) Implementation and evaluation
D. Implementation and Evaluation
4. Which decision-making approach is characterized by the clinician providing information to the patient with which he or she can make a decision?
A) Shared decision-making
B) Informed consent
C) Inform of decision
D) None of these is correct.
4. Which of the following is not formally included in the traditional measurement of socioeconomic status, as used in the United States?
A) Education
B) Social class
C) Professional job status
D) Family income
Which of the following is the least accurate statement about the relationship between health and U.S. law?
A) The U.S. Constitution has supremacy over international law.
B) The U.S. Constitution does not mention health.
C) The primary responsibility for health lies with the federal government.
D) The Interstate Commerce Clause has been used to justify the federal government’s involvement in health.
C. The primary responsibility for health lies with the federal government