Antibiotics
What antibiotic is also called ”zithromax“ or “zpack“?
Azithromycin
What antifungal treats ringworm?
Griseofulvin
Order of inhalation for prophylaxis asthma drugs?
Bronchodilators THEN corticosteroids
A 72-year-old patient with chronic heart failure and an elevated serum creatinine is prescribed a new drug that is renally excreted. Which nursing action is highest priority after the first dose?
• A. Teach the patient to report muscle pain.
• B. Obtain baseline vital signs.
• C. Monitor serum drug levels and creatinine.
• D. Instruct on taking the med with food.
Answer: C. Rationale: Renal impairment affects elimination and raises toxicity risk. Monitoring serum drug levels and creatinine identifies accumulation early and prevents harm.
Contraindication for propofol?
Egg and soy allergy
Pharmokinetics and contraindications of sulfa antibiotics?
CP450 inhibitor, photosensitivity, sulfite allergy
This drug is available in IV form only and highly toxic. What is its name and adverse effects?
Amphotercin B; fever, chills, hypotension
Fluticasone indications?
Asthma and allergic rhinitis
A nurse teaching a patient about generic vs trade drug names should emphasize that:
• A. Generic names are tied to one manufacturer.
• B. Trade names are more reliable than generic names.
• C. Generic names are independent of manufacturer and
are consistent.
• D. Prescribers should always use trade names when writing prescriptions.
Answer: C. Rationale: Generic names are standardized chemical/official names and are independent of manufacturer; trade names vary by company.
Which kind of tablets cannot be crushed?
Enteric coated and long release
Use for Nitrofurantoin and it’s BBW?
Primarily for UTIs, oral use only, antacids mess up absorption
BBW: hepatotoxic
Which drug can cause color blindness and optic neuritis?
Ethambutol
Adverse effects of corticosteroids? (Main ones)
Osteoporosis, Cushing disease, hyperglycemia and hypertension
A drug has significant first-pass hepatic metabolism. Which route will produce the greatest bioavailability?
• A. Oral (PO)
• B. Sublingual
• C. Rectal
• D. Enteric-coated oral tablet
Answer: B. Rationale: Sublingual bypasses first-pass metabolism and enters systemic circulation directly.
What drug effects bone deposition?
Tetracycline
What messes with tetracycline absorption?
Dairy products, antacids, iron
Tetra also messes with birth control!
BBW for Isoniazid?
Hepatitis
Name and indication of inhaled steroids.
Beclomethasone; NOT used for acute asthma attacks or status asthmaticus since SLOW to respond
A patient is prescribed a drug with a half-life of 12 hours. The nurse knows that reaching steady state will most likely require:
• A. A single dose.
• B. About 12 hours.
• C. About 48–60 hours.
• D. A loading dose only.
Answer: C. Rationale: Steady state occurs after 4–5 half- lives (12 × 4 = 48–60 hrs).
Which drug is used for atypical bacteria?
Ciprofloxacin
What values to we observe for Gentamicin?
Monitor troph and peak?
Drug that needs emulsion therapy?
Lidocaine
What allows patients to inhale most amount of meds?
Spacers
A patient is started on a medication that is a CYP3A4 inhibitor. Which effect is most likely for a drug that is a CYP3A4 substrate?
• A. Decreased levels and reduced effect.
• B. Increased levels and increased risk of toxicity.
• C. No change—CYP interactions are irrelevant.
• D. Increased renal excretion.
Answer: B. Rationale: CYP inhibitors reduce metabolism of substrates → increased plasma levels → toxicity.
Drug that has contraindications with SSRI?
Linezolid