AED
The first line (rescue) medication for status epileptics
What are benzodiazepines-examples lorazepam, diazepam
An appropriate antidote for a patient who has taken an overdose of the medication donepezil
What is atropine
Antacids that are contraindicated in renal failure
What are calcium and magnesium
Laxatives that are safe for long term use
What are: Bulk-forming laxatives such as psyllium and methylcellulose. Brand names include Metamucil and Citrucel
Tthe purpose of the carbidopa portion of the combination drug carbidopa/levodopa
What is: Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of the levodopa before it reaches the blood-brain barrier
An alternative use for the anti epileptic medication Gabapentin
What is neuropathic pain (Pregabalin has the same indications and adverse effects)
Another name for anticholinergic medications
What is antimuscarinic
An adverse effect of famotidine
What are: thrombocytopenia, confusion in the elderly, GI distress, fatigue, seizures
The primary indication for the laxative lactulose
What is: To reduce serum ammonia levels in patients with alcoholic liver disease (Do not hold for diarrhea)
The "Cheese Effect" and it's causes
What is: The Cheese Effect is severe Hypertension caused when MAOIs are mixed with Tyramine food such as aged cheese, red wine, beer, yogurt, and cured meats. MAO-Bs are less likely to have the cheese effect
Two things that should be included in patient education for AEDs
What are: Never abruptly discontinue; Wear a medication alert r/t seizures and medications; Do not drive or operate heavy machinery; Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants; Drug specific monitoring and adverse effects
The signs and symptoms of Cholinergic Overdose
What is: Cholinergic Crisis pneumonic:
S=salivation
L=lacrimation
U=urinary incontinence
D=diarrhea
G=Gastrointestinal cramps
E=emesis
Two adverse effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors
What are: Gi infections (c. Diff); Osteoporosis; Pneumonia; hypomagnesiumia; increased risk of death
An antiemetic medication may cause the adverse effects of extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia
What are:
Prochlorperazine
Metoclopramide
Tthe goal of medication therapy in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
What is: To increase the supply of dopamine to the brain or reduce the supply of acetylcholine to the brain in order to prolong progression of disability from symptoms and to improve quality of life
Two adverse effects for the antiepileptic medication Valproic Acid
What are: Pancreatitis; Dizziness; Drowsiness; GI Distress; Hepatotoxicity; Weight Gain
A medication that may be used for anticholinergic overdose
What is: Physostigmine
Charcoal may also be used to bind unabsorbed medication
A nursing consideration for Bismuth Subsalicylate
What are: Do not give to children r/t Reye's syndrome; May increase risk of bleeding; Causes dark tongue and stool
Antiemetics that are preferred for patients with post-operative or chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
What are: Serotonin Receptor antagonists such as
Odansetron, Dolasetron
The purpose of the medication Benztropine in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
What is: Benztropine blocks the effects of acetylcholine to reduce the symptoms of uncontrolled tremors and Extrapyramidal type movements
At least 3 important nursing considerations for the use of the medication phenytoin
What are: Monitor heart rate and blood pressure; Narrow therapeutic index-therapeutic drug monitoring normal range 10-20 mcg/mL-sometimes a loading dose is used to reach therapeutic level; Used prophylactically in closed head injury and meningitis; May cause gingival hyperplasia-nursing care is good oral hygiene, advise regular dental care; Rash development should result in discontinutation under medical supervision. SJS more likely with patients of Asian decent; Do not discontinue abruptly-may cause status epilepticus; Monitor CBC-may cause anemia; May cause dizziness and drowsiness-do not drive or operate heavy machinery; May cause osteoporosis, Dilantin facies, nystagmus, ataxia, hepatic impairment; Interacts with many medications including Amiodarone, Benzodiazepines, Warfarin, PPIs, azoles, SSRIs; IV infusions are mixed with 0.9% NS, given slowly via filter
Three indications for anticholinergic medications
What are:
Parkinson’s Disease
Extrapyramidal reactions
Bradycardia
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Urinary Incontinence
Reduce gastric and oral secretions
Exercise induced asthma
Pancreatitis
opthalmic uses-pupil dialation
The "natural" treatment for antibiotic induced diarrhea
What are probiotics such as lactobacillus acidophilus
The indication for the medication polyethylene glycol and why it is preferred in the elderly?
What is used as a bowel prep for procedures such as colonoscopy and is preferred in the elderly as it is less likely to cause electrolyte imbalances
The expected outcome for a cerebral palsy patient prescribed the medication Baclofen
What is: Reduced muscle spasticity