dynamics
What is pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and foreign chemicals that enter those systems.
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs.
What is Absorption?
What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues
what is distribution?
The movement of a drug to the body’s tissues affected
by lipid solubility, ionization, perfusion of reactive tissue
when was the controlled substance act?
1970
Name one action of drugs.
What is drug half-life?
the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half.
What is Biotransformation (Metabolism)?
the process of chemically altering drugs so they can be more easily removed from the body. It's a metabolic process that mainly happens in the liver.
what is excretion?
Removal of drugs from the body
what are orphan drugs?
Drugs that have been discovered, but are not financially viable and therefore have not been “adopted” by any drug company
Describe receptor sites?
Receptor sites react to certain chemicals to cause an
effect within the cell.
what is Critical Concentration?
The amount of a drug that is needed to cause a
therapeutic effect
what are the absorption processes?
Passive diffusion
Active transport
Filtration
where does excretion usually occur?
in the kidneys
What are issues with OTC drugs?
o Taking these drugs could mask the signs and
symptoms of underlying disease, making diagnosis
difficult.
o Taking these drugs with prescription medications
could result in drug interactions and interfere with
drug therapy.
o Not taking these drugs as directed could result in
serious overdoses.
What is an agonist?
what is a Loading Dose?
A higher dose than that usually used for treatment
What is passive diffusion?
when the drug molecule moves according to the concentration gradient from a higher drug concentration to a lower concentration until equilibrium is reached
What can affect a drugs half life?
Half-life is affected by absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion.
NATURAL VS SYNTHETIC DRUGS?
natural> plants, animals, salts
synthetic> genetic engineering of bacteria
What is selective toxicity?
what is Dynamic Equilibrium?
The actual concentration that a drug reaches in the body
what is active transport?
the process where drug molecules move across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient
describe the blood brain barrier?
a highly selective semi-permeable membrane that separates the bloodstream from the brain tissue, acting as a protective barrier by tightly regulating which substances can enter the central nervous system (CNS), effectively blocking most drugs and toxins while allowing essential nutrients to pass through, posing a significant challenge for developing drugs to treat brain disorders.
List and describe the DEA drug schedules?
I: High abuse potential, no accepted medical use(HEROIN)
I: High abuse potential, severe dependence liability (NARCOTICS)
III: Less abuse potential than schedule II, moderate
dependence liability (tylenol w codeine <90mg of codeine)
IV: Less abuse potential than schedule III, limited
dependence liability (ANTI- ANXIETY)
V: Limited abuse potential. Primarily small amounts of narcotics (TUSIN)